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Patho Chap 3
Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genome | the gene code you inherit |
| epigenetics | alteration in gene expression due to environmental stressors, behaviors, or life style |
| pharmacogenomics | how your body reacts to a medication |
| gene | fundamental unit of DNA |
| genotype | genetic code |
| exons | portion of genome that encodes proteins |
| introns | portion of genome that does not encode for proteins |
| codon | set of 3 nucleotides that signal a specific amino acid |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| genetic mutations | damage or chance to a gene that alters genetic code, may be inherited or sporadic |
| germ cell | gametes affected and may be passed down to offspring |
| somatic cell | body cells and cannot be passed to offspring |
| gene locus | gene nomenclature |
| gene parts | chromosome number, arm, region |
| karyotype | picture of chromosome pairs |
| autosomes | first 22 pairs of chromosomes |
| transcription | from DNA to mRNA, RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to form mRNA strand |
| translation | mRNA to proteins, happens in the ribosome |
| allele | a gene inherited from one parent |
| phenotype | physical expression of a gene |
| homozygous | same |
| heterozygous | different |
| dominant trait | only needs 1 allele to be dominant |
| recessive trait | needs 1 allele form each parent for the person to exhibit the trait |
| genetic penetrance | the ration of people with phenotype compared to genotype |
| genetic expressivity | related to the severity of a genetic disorder |
| complex (multifactorial) inheritance | a disorder or illness that occurs form a combination of 1 or more genes plus environment triggers |
| proto oncogene | a normal cell that helps to control proliferation |
| what occurs if a proto- oncogene mutates? | an oncogene occurs |
| oncogene | enables uncontrolled cell proliferation or cancer |
| oncoprotein | coded by the oncogene to cause the transformation of a cell into a cancer cell |
| tumor suppressor gene | functions by inhibiting uncontrolled cell proliferation which suppress tumor growth |
| aneuploidy | different number of chromosomes than 46 |
| translocation | one piece of a chromosome breaking off and joining another |
| deletion | piece of chromosome is broken off and lost |
Created by:
sammy.e7
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