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AP EURO FINAL
Final study guide 12/20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| black death social effects | belief that it was a punishment from God |
| black death economic effects | taxes rose and a famine wiped out villages |
| black death impact on labor supply | there was less labor so wages rose. |
| Statute of Laborers | Farmers cannot leave their farms to live in the city (law set by government) |
| the Jacquerie | a higher class who forced peasants higher taxes |
| Plenitude of power | Pope Innocent III could declare saints and dispose of beneficiaries so he could have more political power. Also made a papal monarchy |
| who struggled with Pope Boniface VIII over monarchical authority | King Phillip the Fair |
| which civilization began a unique Western Civilization | the Greeks |
| what civilization the Sumerians founded | Mesopotamian |
| where the Hebrews established a unified kingdom | ancient Palestine |
| where the Minoan civilization began | island of Crete |
| story told in Homer's Iliad | Trojan War |
| the concept of polis | the collection of city-states "community of relatives" |
| life and politics in Athens | valued public affairs, wisdom, philosophy Democracy |
| council of 400 | made Athens more of a democratic city-state by keeping Areopagus in check |
| what Rome created in 509 BC | a republic or aristocracy |
| republic or aristocracy | "thing of the people" |
| Unam Sanctam | Pope Boniface temporal authority was subject to the spiritual power of the church |
| what Renaissance Italy evolved into as a result of their political realities | violent, social strikes, protesting |
| where the Renaissance first took shape in | Republic of Florence Ducky of Milan. Republic of Venice, the Papal States, the Kingdom of Naples (Italy) |
| characteristics of Humanism | importance of human values and the dignity of a person interest in the Ancient Greeks natural belief of the universe, science, and logic will help understanding |
| what artists like Michelangelo and Donatello mix in their art | biblical references |
| subjects included in the studia humanitatis | poetry, history, politics, and rhetoric |
| father of humanism | Petrarch |
| the Ciompi Revolt | an uprising of the poor because of old and new rich feuding |
| who brought stability to Renaissance Florence in 1434 | Cosmio de Medici |
| who was at the center of Raphael's School of Athens painting | Plato and Aristotle |
| how Leonardo da Vinci measured his success during the Renaissance | be being a well-rounded person |
| how Jacob Burckhardt described the Renaissance in his book "Civilization of the Renaissance" | "full whole nature of man" more secular and scientific views |
| 2 events that marked the beginning of the Renaissance | deaths of Petrarch and Giovanni Boccacio |
| main arguments in Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man | humans are the only beings on earth that have free will |
| marriage of these 2 people created 'Spain' | Ferdinand and Isabelle |
| Treaty of Lodi | brought Naples and Milan into an alliance, once broken it divided the internal cooperation in Italian city-states this allowed France to get a hold of Italy |
| Ludovico II Moro's mistake | inviting French King, Charles VIII, to Italy |
| Renaissance | the age of rebirth |
| platonism | divides being and world with eternal mathematical and more truths |
| humanism | scholarly study of Latin and Greek classics and of the ancient church fathers |
| classicism | interests in the greeks and romans |
| what country delivered 150,000 slaves to Europe by the 2nd half of the 15th century | Portugal (Henry the Navigator) |
| motivations for European states to explore | spice trade expansion gold slavery conversion to Christianity |
| writings of Bartolome de Las Casas | on the side of the natives written so King would make a law to stop the brutality |
| Where Columbus thought he landed | India |
| Where Columbus landed | Domincas |
| People Columbus encountered | Tranio |
| impact of Gutenburg's printing press | sparked movement of ideas at a faster rate -humanism spread faster -Luther's works reached more people for the reformation |
| characteristics of the Modern Devotion or Brothers of the Common Life religious lay movement | broke traditions individuality |
| what marked the start of the reformation | the 95 thesis |
| what the 95 thesis attacked | indulgences |
| describe the Holy Roman Empire on the eve of the Reformation | was neither holy nor roman |
| factors related to the SOCIAL conditions of the protestant reformation | Martin Luther |
| factors related to the ECONOMIC conditions of the protestant reformation | lots of poor people who could not pay for indulgences |
| factors related to the POLITICAL conditions of the protestant reformation | church was at the top (above the king) |
| Martin Luther's beliefs and specifically what principle he developed in the Freedom of a Christian | only needed FAITH ALONE to go to heaven |
| what happened at the diet of worms | Charles V wanted Luther to recant his writings |
| chief disagreement between Luther and Zwingli at the Marburg Colloquy | Eucharist (transubstantiation) |
| what the Diet of Worms and the Diet of Augsburg have in common | Called by Charles V in the Holy Roman Empire Was about catholics and Lutherans |
| importance of the Schmalkaldic league | bring Zwingli and Lutheran together |
| peace of Augsburg | each german prince can choose a religion to enforce in their territory |
| TULIP | main points of calvinism total depravity unconditional election limited atonement irresistible grace Perseverance of Saints |
| council of trent | reaffirmed catholic traditions |
| act of supremacy | declared Henry VIII supreme head of the Church of England |
| motives for Henry VIII's reformation | getting annulled establish power sell church lands |
| elizabethan settlement of 1559 | restored anglicanism protestantism religious uniformity |
| encomienda | formal grant for the right of labor for specific natives |
| cuis regio, eius religio | 1 religion 1 land Peace of Augsburg |
| Augsburg confession | mildly worded statement on protestant beliefs |
| predestination | God had already decided who goes to heaven and who goes to hell |
| central issue of the Age of Religious Wars | religious pluralism |
| Theodore Beza's point of view on "war" and resistance | government should stay in check avoid war until someone attacks you |
| cause of the Massacre at Vassy | January Edict |
| cause of the French Wars or Religion | Massacre at Vassy |
| Peace of saint Germain-en-Laye | ended the French Wars of Religion |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | protestants were gaining too much power so the Guise killed people |
| who ordered the assassination of Henry Duke of Guise | Henry III |
| How to Henry of Navarre become King Henry IV of France | after Henry III died Henry IV was the next heir |
| person associated with "Paris is worth a mass" | Henry of Navarre |
| main ideas related to Henry IV | Edict of Nante |
| Edict of Nante | official proclamation that gave huguenots more freedom |
| Reasons Mary Tutor was unpopular | marriage with Phillip II repealed protestants executed protestant leaders brought strict catholicism back |
| reasons that England and Spain's relationship deteriorated under Elizabeth I | She didn't marry Phillip II Helped Netherlands win against Spain |
| Pillars of Spain's power | new world riches increased population efficient bureaucracy and military subjected peasantry |
| why elizabeth I executed Mary Queen of Scots | because she thought Mary wanted to overthrow her |
| What revolt William of Orange is associated with | Spanish Fury |
| what concept both the peace of Westphalia and the Peace of Augsburg allowed | political sovereignty |
| politique | ruler who subordinated theology to political unity |
| Spanish Fury | mutiny in antwerp |
| defenestration of Prague | Ferdinand II sent people to convert other to catholicism They got thrown out a window |
| Reasons the Netherlands declined | death of William III naval supremacy of Britain Fishing industry declines lost technological advantage in shipbuilding |
| why was James I unpopular | levied taxes Divine Right of Kings didn't listen to Parliament |
| Petition of right | ordered by Parliament no forced taxes no innocent people in jail no troops in people homes |
| What the English civil war was over | parliament vs. Charles I |
| what directly led to the English civil war | the execution of Stafford and Laud |
| outcome of the English Civil War | Charles I beheaded and Cromwell gained leadership |
| England under Cromwell | Puritan Republic Dictatorship |
| Treaty of Dover secret agreement | Charles II was promised money by Louis if he pledged to be Catholic publicly |
| Outcome of the Glorious Revolution | English bill of rights |
| English bill of Rights | Frequent parliamentary meetings free speech in Parliament King and Queen have power but it is limited Parliaments consent More human and individual rights |
| form of government England evolved into | Parliamentary monarchy |
| fronde | rebellions among french nobles |
| 2 people that laid the groundwork for political absolution | Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin |
| L'etat, c'est moi | "I am the State" Louis speaking for Divine Rights |
| war of spanish succession | stopped France from gaining too much power and Dominating Europe |
| King Louis XIV blunder | revoking the Edict of Nante |
| Pragmatic Sanction | ensured the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by Charles VI's daughter, Maria Theresa |
| Hohensollern's state that they developed | Prussia |
| Great Elector | Fredrick William Prussia |
| who came to power with the help of the streltsy | Peter the Great |
| Boyars under Peter the Great | kept traditional values given beard tax against Peter the Great |
Created by:
stella_koe
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