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Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) | Act approved by the US Congress in 1996 that includes a privacy provision for patient health records |
| DNA | Inside the nucleus of the cell are 23 pairs of chromosomes that contain genetic information from both parents; genetic material shaped like a double helix. Part of all living cells |
| Disease | Any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body |
| Anus | Site of rectal temperature |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| Assault | Words that lead an individual to fear that he/she will be harmed by another person |
| Syndrome | a group of symptoms that together indicate a disease |
| Hypothermia | Body temperature below 95 degrees |
| Carotid | The pulse site used in adult CPR |
| Battery | Touching a person without consent |
| Four types of issue in the human body | Connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous |
| Disorder | Abnormality of function, which is a pathological condition |
| 97.5-99.3 | Normal range for adult temperature taken axillary |
| AED | automated external defibrillator |
| Advanced directive | Legal document in which a patient gives written instructions regarding healthcare issues, I'm the event the patient becomes unable to make such decisions in the future |
| Homeostasis | State of internal balance achieved by adjusting physiological systems of the body |
| Acute | Disease of short duration and sudden onset |
| Five upper body pulse locations | Temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, and radial |
| Stop | An electrical shock from the AED does this to the heart |
| Durable power of attorney | Legal document that grants another person the authority to make legal decisions for you |
| Skin | largest organ of the body |
| Morbidity | Diseased or unhealthy state |
| Bradycardia | Pulse rate of less than 60bpm |
| Anaphylaxis | Severe allergic reaction that can affect the whole body |
| Guardian | Court-appointed person who may make decisions for a patient who is mentally or physically incapable of making such decisions |
| Three layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
| Prognosis | Prediction of the probable outcome of a disease |
| Normal range for resting pulse in infants | 120-160 bpm |
| Hemorrhage | Excessive blood loss over a short period of time due to internal or external injury |
| Emancipated minor | A person under 18 years of age who has legally established that he or she does not live with parents |
| Sudoriferous glands | Sweat glands |
| Idiopathic | Disease or unknown cause |
| Dyspnea | Difficulty breathing, usually observed as SOB |
| Shock | Condition in which the body experiences a lack of sufficient oxygen available to the organs and tissues |
| Ombudsman | Ensures that patients are not abused and that their legal rights are protected |
| Musculoskeletal system | Systems that form the framework which holds the human body together |
| Artherosclerosis | Buildup of plaque on the inner lining of an arterial wall that causes the arteries to harden and may lead to a myocardial infarction |
| Hypoxia | Lack of adequate oxygen |
| Cyanotic, cyanosis | Blue discoloration of the skin |
| Negligence | Performing an act that a reasonable person would not have done, or not doing something that a reasonable person would have done |
| Four types of bone in the human body | Long, short, flat, and irregular |
| Cancer | The acronym CAUTION is used to identify warning signs/symptoms of this prognosis |
| Systolic | Part of a blood pressure reading that is taken when the heart muscle contracts and pushes blood through the artery |
| Heimlich maneuver | Series of abdominal thrusts performed to remove an object that is lodged in a person's airway, preventing the person from breathing |
| Duty of care | Legal responsibility for healthcare personnel to take reasonable care to avoid causing harm to a patient |
| Three parts of the nervous system | Central (CNS), peripheral (PNS), and sensory systems |
| Myocardial infarction | This is the correct medical term for heart attack |
| Sphygmomanometer | Device used to measure blood pressure, commonly known as a blood pressure cuff |
| Rule of nines | Method of calculating the surface area of the body that has been affected by burns |
| Good Samaritan Laws | Laws that protect people from legal action after voluntarily giving emergency aid |
| Endocrine system | System responsible for the chemical processes that maintain life |
| Cerebral vascular accident (STROKE) | Medical emergency in which blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off |
| Hypotension | Condition of low blood pressure |
| Third-degree burn | Involves all layers of the skin and underlying fat |
| Abitration | Method of resolving disputes outside the courtroom |
| Alveoli | Main site of gas exchange in the respiratory system |
| Diabetes mellitus | Disease caused by insufficient utilization of insulin |
| Edema | Retention of fluid in the body tissues that causes swelling, usually in the legs and feet |
| Syncope | Correct medical term for fainting |
| Malpractice | Misconduct or lack of skill that results in patient injury |
| Bicuspid (mitral) and tricuspid valves | The two valves that separate the atriums and ventricles in the heart |
| Urinary system and reproductive system | A urologist works with two different body systems |
| Normal range for diastolic blood pressure in adults | 100-130 |
| First thing you do when you get the AED | Turn it on |
| Scope of practice | Tasks that an employee is legally allowed to perform based on his/her training or certification |
| Monocyte | White blood cell that performs phagocytosis, when it morphs into a macrophage |
| Immunologists specialize in two body systems | Lymphatic and immune systems |
| Normal range for systolic blood pressure in adults | 60-90 |
| Seizure | Sudden change in the brain's normal electrical activity |
| Slander | Saying something that damages someone's good name or reputation |
| Libel | damaging someone's good name or reputation in writing |
| Ethics | Right or wrong |
| Law | Legal or illegal |
| Civil law | Tort law |
| Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) | a legal document made by a patient, which states that CPR or other advanced cardiac life support should not be performed if a patient stops breathing or a patient's heart stops |
| Statue of limitations | The amount of time during which any legal action may be taken; after such time a lawsuit may not be filed |
| Sexual harassment | unwanted sexual advances and other forms of offensive sexual behavior; both men and women can be sexually harassed |
| Informed consent | A form, given to a patient by a doctor, explaining the benefit and risks of a procedure; the patient accepts the risk by signing the informed consent form |
| Body chemicals | Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus |
| Oxygen | 65% of body mass |
| Carbon | 19% of body mass |
| Hydrogen | 10% of body mass |
| Nitrogen | 3% of body mass |
| Calcium | 1.5% of body mass |
| Phosphorus | 1% of body mass |
| Differentiation | Process through which cells of the body vary according to their specific function |
| Stem cells | cells in the body that evolve into specific cells in a particular organ system |
| Joint | A place in the body where two bones come together |
| Ligaments | Connect bone to bone |
| Tendons | Connect muscle to bone |
| Endocrine glands | Glands that secrete hormones which regulate body functions |
| Metabolism | Term for the chemical processes, occurring within a living organism, that maintain life |
| Exocrine glands | glands that contain a duct, allowing them to secrete their enzymes directly at the site of action; part of the endocrine system |
| Formed elements | red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets |
| Plasma | the liquid component of blood |
| Leukocytes | white blood cells |
| Thrombocytes | platelets |
| Immunity | Ability to resist pathogens |
| Antibody | a protein, produced by the immune system, that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for killing |
| Terminal disease | A disease that eventually ends in death |
| Down Syndrome | Trisomy 21 |
| sickle cell anemia | a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape |
| Dementia | Condition characterized by a decrease in mental ability, including loss of memory, impaired judgment, and disorientation |
| Mycardial infarction | Heart attack |
| Uncontrolled cell growth | Cancer |
| Stroke | Blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off |
| Drug-resistant bacteria | Strains of a bacterium that have adapted and are no longer controlled or killed by normal antibiotic treatment |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | an anxiety disorder that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which severe physical harm occurred or was threatened |
| Oral temperature | temperature taken in the mouth |
| Axillary temperature | Temperature taken at the armpit |
| Tympanic temperature | Temperature taken in the ear |
| Temporal temperature | Temperature taken on the forehead |
| Normal body temperature range | 97-99 degrees F; 36.1-37.2 degrees C |
| Radial pulse | pulse located at the thumb side of the wrist |
| Apical pulse | Pulse located at the bottom left portion of the heart |
| Carotid pulse | a pulse taken at either of the two main arteries located on each side of the neck |
| Intravenous (IV) | existing or taking place within, or administered into, a vein or veins. |
| Tachycardia | Pulse over 100bpm |
| Hypoventilation | breathing too slowly |
| Hyperventilation | Breaking too quickly |
| Tachypnea | Rapid, shallow breathing |
| Bradypnea | Unusually slow rate of breathing, under 12 breaths per minute |
| Stertorous breathing | Breathing that sounds like snoring |
| Apnea | Lack of breathing |
| Pulse oximeter | A medical device usually applied to the fingertip to indirectly measure the amount of oxygen saturation in the blood |
| Hypertension | high blood pressure |
| Systolic pressure | Heart muscle contracts and pushes blood through the artery |
| Diastolic pressure | Heart muscle relaxes |
| SEE | Don't smoke, eat right and exercise |
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