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CLST102: Test 4
Intro to Greek Civilization Week 10-12 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Greek Alphabet | developed from the phoenecian alphabet; in 800-750 bce |
| Athens changes Alphabet | they use the alphabet used in melatos; in 403 bce |
| Nestor's Cup | from pithekoussai; 725 bce; early example of the alphabet; joking reference to the iliad |
| Books in Classical Period | it transitioned from oral tradition to written texts during the classical period |
| Alexandria | the rulers, ptolemies, worked to make it a cultural center of greece |
| Scholars in Museums | specialized in textual criticism, they were trying to make standard editions of works |
| Papyri | most as found in digs in egypt because deserts work well to preserve them |
| Lyric Poetry | only done in papyri; sappho and alkaios were aristocrats of the island of lesbos who introduced lyric poetry |
| Sappho | the most famous female poet in ancient greece |
| Epics | expansion on homer's works by other authors after him; spectacular characters w supernatural powers and monsters still present |
| Monsters | used as tools to conceptualize the various aspects of human condition and explore these concepts |
| Ekhidna | mother of the monsters |
| Philosophia | philosophy; meaning "love of knowledge"; another way to reflect on the human experience besides fiction |
| Thales of Miletos | ca. 580 bce; primary principle is water; nature as a complete, self-ordering system with no divine intervention; "all things are full of gods"; water is in everything and everything is divine |
| Anaximander of Miletos | primary principle is "apeiron" or boundless; earth is floating in space unsupported, celestial bodies rotate in circles around the earth |
| Anaximenes of Miletos | primary principle is air, and all elements are air at different stages of density |
| Xenophanes of Kolophon | we cant know anything about the gods with certainty; had an issue with homer and hesiod attributing immoral behaviour of men to the gods |
| Herakleitos of Ephesos | no single element is the principle, instead there are interchange of opposites that balance each other |
| Logos | work |
| "You Cannot Step into the Same River Twice" | herakleitos of ephesos; the river flows and stays the same, it must flow to remain a stable thing |
| Parmenides of Eleia | logic is the only tool to know the world and observation is unreliable; "what is" is real, but "what is not" cannot exist |
| Zeno | associate of parmenides; known for his paradoxes on impossibility of motion |
| Paradox | contrary to popular belief |
| Empedokles of Akragras | everything is produced by the mixing and separation of four elements, moved y strife and love |
| Demokritos of Abdera | atomist theory = matter is made of invisible particles |
| Atamoi | sing. atomos; meaning indivisable |
| Void | space |
| Pythagoras of Samos | early accounts have him as a religious leader; led a community who had to follow strict rules around morality and dietary restrictions |
| Early Philosophy | open to personal inquiry, used to question common opinions and norms |
| Origins of Early Philosopher's | all from port cities not mainland greece, mostly colonies in italy and turkey |
| Phrontisterion | "think tank"; socrates' private school |
| Rhetoric | professional public speaking; a good skill in athenian society |
| Teisias and Korax from Syracuse | wrote textbook on art of speaking |
| Peitho | persuasion |
| Gorgios of Leontinoi | famous sophist; wrote "praise of helen" |
| Sophokles Technical Manual | wrote on tragedy |
| Iktonos Technical Manual | wrote on the building of the parthenon |
| Hippodamos of Miletos Technical Manual | wrote on town planning and civil engineering; invented dividing the city into blocks; wrote on best constitutions |
| Polysleitos "Canon" | wrote a technical manual on the symmetry of the human body; for sculptors to use |
| Protagoras of Abdera | one of the most famous sophists; "man is the measure of all things" |
| Nomos | custom, law, culture; people follow their nomos |
| Phusis | nature |
| Moral Relativism | your morals changing based on your nomoi |
| Historia | history; meaning research, inquiry |
| Logographoi | prose writers; compilers of genealogic/ethnographical/geographical material; most famous is hekataois |
| Herodotus | called the "father of history"; looked at the persian wars; tried to verify the accounts and included lots of different accounts, also his own opinion |
| Thucydides | wrote on the peloponnesian war; didnt rely on personal opinion; questioned evidence |
| New Standards in History | focus on verifiable facts; pay attention to chronology; less focus on myths/gods arent a factor in human actions |
| Tyche | fortune |
| Dramas | only performed at festivals |
| Great Dionysia | festival with tragedy, satyr play, comedy, etc; established in the 6th century by Peisistratos |
| Eponymous Arkhon | received the submission and supervised the dramas |
| Khoregos | sponsor/manager who was required to fund the dramas |
| Dionusou Technitai | actors of dionysos |
| Rural Dionysia | held in demes; smaller scale |
| Lenaia | a festival that had both comedy and tragedy; took place in february |
| Prizes for Dramas | would be judged by a panel of 10, the dramtist got a crown and money; the khoregos got to erect a statue |
| Deus Ex Machina | "god from the machine"; crane system used to lower statues of the gods |
| The Chorus | commented on the events happening to the characters; wouldnt be on the main stage and didnt participate in the main action |
| Tragoidia | tragedy; comes from "song of goats"; mainly mythological themes and not much modern politics; used to examine human experiences and dilemmas |
| The Oresteia | written by aiskhlos; followed agamemnons sacrifice of his daughter, his wife killing him, and the revenge of orestes |
| The Persians | a tragedy on the persian war; one of our only historical plays |
| Sophokles | introduced the third actor; wrote oedipous tyrannos and antigone |
| Euripides | wrote medeia |
| Stykhos | line |
| Stichomythia | each speaker speaks one line at a time; traditional dialogue style |
| Satyr Play | followed the three tragedies to lighten the mood; cyclops by euripides is the only surviving one |
| Komoidia | comedy; means song of the komos (drunk group of people after the symposium) |
| Menander | most important new comedy poet; only complete work is dyskolos |
| Tekhne | work of art; generally refers to anything that required skill |
| Kouros | young man; heavily inspired by egyptian art |
| Pheidias | supervisor of the parthenon project |
| Iktinos and Kallikrates | architects of the parthenon project |
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