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Endocrine System
Grade 12 Anatomy Physiology Study Cards to learn the material.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Neurosecretory cells | Neurons of the hypothalamus that secrete neurohormone rather than neurotransmitter |
| define Prostaglandins | Biologically active lipids secreted into the interstitial fluid which produce many local effects in the body, including effects on smooth muscle contraction, blood clotting, and inflammation |
| Compare the endocrine system to the nervous system. speed of response | Nervous system fast. Endocrine system slow. |
| Compare the endocrine system to the nervous system. duration of influence | The influence of the endocrine system longer the nervous system shorter. |
| Compare the endocrine system to the nervous system. effectors controlled | The nervous system controls muscles and glands. The endocrine system controls virtually all cells in the body. |
| Compare the endocrine system to the nervous system. strength of the signal | In the nervous system ss is determined by the frequency of the signal. The endocrine system ss, is determined by the amount of hormone released and the number of receptors in the target cells. |
| Compare the endocrine system to the nervous system. ability to be repaired | The nervous system contains permanent cells and is more difficult to repair. the endocrine system, whose cells are stable cells is easier. |
| Under what conditions would a hormone need a carrier protein? | Hormones that must be carried in the blood need a carrier. If the hormone cannot dissolve in water, it will need a carrier protein in order to be transported by the blood, which is water based. |
| What two ways are hormones eliminated from the body? | by kidneys in the urine and by the liver in the feces. |
| Identify the glands of the following figure. | |
| for each of the glands shown above list the hormones produced and the effects of the those hormones. for the pituitary and adrenal glands split them up into there two parts when you make that list. | |
| what are the three basic types of hormones? | amines, steroids, and peptide/proteins. |
| which hormones/hormone type stimulate the nuclear receptors only? | Steroids stimulate nuclear receptors only. because they are lipid-soluble and can diffuse right through the cell membrane. |
| which hormones/hormone types stimulate the membrane bound receptors only? | The peptide/proteins stimulate membrane-bound receptors only. because they are water-soluble and too big to get into the cell. |
| list three ways that hormone secretion is controlled. | Non-hormonal control, direct neural control, and hormonal control. |
| the levels of this particular hormone varies greatly throughout the day, depending on the time of day. What is the pattern of secretion? | Cyclic secretion |
| A hormone interacts with a receptor, stimulating the cell to synthesize and secrete a new protein. is this a nuclear receptor of a membrane-bound? | Nuclear Receptor If the protein has to be made, the receptor must have activated a gene in the nucleus. |
| A target cell for a particular hormone seems to respond more strongly that it did in the past. two ways that this could occur. | A. The amount of hormone has increased. B. The target cell has made more receptors for this hormone. |
| If a person has a painful bleeding injury to the nose should aspirin be given to help? why or why not? | No, aspirin decreases prostaglandins, especially the "bad" ones that increase inflammation and blood clotting. the aspirin will decrease the pain but inhibit blood clotting which stops the injury from bleeding. |
| The nervous system innervates the gland with neurons. Those neurons secrete neurotransmitter to stimulate the gland to secrete the hormone, or the neurons secrete the hormone directly as a neurohormone. | Direct neural control |
| The level of a chemical other than a hormone affects the endocrine glands. Variations of that chemical's level will stimulate or inhibit hormone secretion. | non-hormonal control |
| One gland releases a hormone which stimulates another gland to release a different hormone. | hormonal control |
| What hormones does the hypothalamus create? (4) | Growth hormone releasing hormone, corticotropin releasing hormone, thyrotropin releasing hormone, prolactin inhibiting hormone, and gonadotropin releasing hormone. |
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