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Acidosis/Alkalosis

Patho final ch 9

TermDefinition
Normal pH 7.35-7.45
Normal PaCO2 45-35
Normal HCO3 22-26
When pH is normal fully compensated
When all values are abnormal Partially compensated
When one value is normal and the other is abnormal uncompensated
pH + PaCO2= Respiratory
pH + HCO3= Metabolic
Respiratory acidosis low pH and high PaCO2 (HCO3 will increase to compensate) High K+ (potassium)
Respiratory acidosis cause? COPD, Pneumonia, Asthma, any respiratory distress
Metabolic acidosis Low pH, Low HCO3, High K+
Metabolic acidosis cause? Accumulation of acid or loss of HCO3: Diuretics, renal failure, excessive diarrhea
Respiratory alkalosis High pH, Low CO2, Low HCO3, low K+
Respiratory alkalosis cause? Increased respirations: severe pain, anxiety, fever, overdose, hyperventilation
Metabolic alkalosis High pH, High HCO3,
Metabolic alkalosis cause? Caused by decrease in H+ or increase in HCO3: excessive vomiting, excessive anti-acid intake, excessive K+ wasting
ABG (arterial blood gas) lab test that checks patients acid-base balance
oxygen saturation Amount of oxygen in blood combines with hemoglobin; normal range= 94-100%
Base excess normal range -2 to +2
Metabolic has to do with what organ kidneys
respiratory has to do with what organ lungs
Acidosis= Low pH
Alkalosis= High pH
S/S of Respiratory Acidosis elevated K+, Respiratory depression, hypotension, pale, drowsy, headache
S/S of Metabolic Acidosis renal failure, shock, increased K+, KUSSMAUL (hyperventilation), lethargy, diarrhea, Low BP, hyporeflexia
S/S of Respiratory Alkalosis Seizures, tachycardia, numbness and tingling, hyperventilation, nausea, vomiting
S/S of Metabolic Alkalosis excess vomiting, high pH, confusion, Low K+, hypoventilation, dysrhythmia, muscle cramps
Created by: Anna91715
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