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Anatomy Final Sem #1
Anatomy Final for the first semester: Over ch. 1,3,4,5,6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The tissues that is thin enough to permit diffusion of gases in the lungs is? | Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| The tissue that lines the mouth and esophagus, which undergoes mitosis to replace cells lost from the surface, is? | Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| The tissue the sweeps pathogens up and out of the trachea is? | Ciliated Epithelium |
| Stratified squamous epithelium makes up the epidermis of the skin because? | Neither the surface cells are dead and prevent water loss or the lower cells are capable of mitosis to replace cells lost from the surface. |
| The tissue that lines the urinary bladder, in which the surface cells flatten as the bladder expands, is? | Transitional Epithelium |
| The salivary glands are made of cuboidal epithelium, the function of which is to? | Secrete |
| The tissue that provides a smooth surface in joints is? | Cartilage |
| The body is supported by? | Bone |
| Osteocytes are cells of ___, and are found in a matrix made primarily of __. | Blank one: bone Blank two: Calcium salts |
| The tissue that forms ligaments is? | Fibrous Connective Tissue |
| Chondrocytes are cells of ____, and are found in matrix that has no ____. | Blank One: Cartilage Blank Two: Capillaries |
| The cells that carry oxygen in the blood are? | Red Blood Cells |
| The tissue that protects some internal organs from mechanical injury is? | Bone |
| Red blood cells are produced in the? | Red Bone Marrow |
| The cells that destroy pathogens that have entered the body are the? | White Blood Cells |
| The cells that are important for blood clotting are? | Platelets |
| The functions of nerve tissue include? | Sensation, movement, and learning |
| The space between two neurons is called? | A synapse |
| The part of a neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body is the? | Dendrite |
| The part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body is the? | Axon |
| The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and is essential for the life of the neuron is the? | Cell body |
| At synapses, nerve impulse transmission is accomplished by? | Chemical Neurotransmitters. |
| The neurotransmitters of a neuron enable a nerve impulse to? | Cross a synapse |
| The heart is made of ___ muscle, which ____. | Blank One: Cardiac Blank Two: Pumps blood |
| The function of smooth muscle in the small intestine is? | Peristalsis |
| The surface area of the small intestine is increased for efficient absorption by the presence of? | Microvilli on the columnar epithelium |
| Digestive enzymes are produced by the __ of the small intestine. | Blank One: Columnar epithelium |
| The serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart is called the? | Visceral Pericardium |
| The visceral pericardium is found: | Covering the heart |
| The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is the? | Peritoneum |
| The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the? | Parietal pleura |
| The function of serous fluid in all of its locations is to: | Prevent friction |
| The fluid that traps pathogens in the respiratory tract is? | Mucus |
| The fluid that transports nutrients in the blood is? | Plasma |
| The fluid that prevents friction in the joints is? | Synovial Fluid |
| The function of smooth muscle in arteries is to? | Help maintain blood pressure |
| The type of muscle that is also called voluntary is? | Skeletal Muscle |
| Which statement is NOT true of the types of muscle tissue? -Smooth muscle is also called involuntary muscle. -Skeletal muscle is also called striated muscle. -Smooth muscle forms the walls of capillaries. -Voluntary muscle is attached to bones. | Smooth muscle forms the walls of capillaries |
| Which of these is NOT a location of mucous membranes? -Lining the stomach -Lining the nasal cavities -Lining the chest cavity -Lining the urinary tract | Lining the chest cavity |
| Mucous membranes are found in? | All tracts that open to the environment |
| Each of these organs is lined with mucous membranes, except the: -Trachea -Vagina -Urinary Bladder -Arteries | Arteries |
| Endocrine glands have ___ and secrete ____. | Blank One: No ducts Blank Two: Hormones |
| Salivary glands secrete saliva into ducts, therefore, they are called __ glands. | Blank One: Exocrine |
| Goblet cells secrete ___ in the ___. | Blank One: mucus Blank Two: respiratory tract |
| The connective tissue that stores potential energy is? | Adipose Tissue |
| The connective tissue that cushions the eyes in their bony orbits is? | Adipose Tissue |
| The connective tissue the contains WBC's and is found between the skin and muscles is? | Areolar Connective Tissue |
| The connective tissue that forms tendons is? | Fibrous Connective Tissue |
| Brown fat is primarily a? | Heat-generating tissue |
| The connective tissue membrane that covers a bone is the? | Periosteum |
| Collagen and elastin are ___ that are made by cells called ___. | Blank One: Proteins Blank Two: Fibroblasts |
| Fibroblasts are cells that produce? | The proteins collagen and elastin in connective tissues |
| The organic molecule in a cell membrane that forms channels: | Proteins |
| An organic molecule in a cell membrane that provides stability is: | Cholesterol |
| Which of these is NOT true of the cell membrane? -It is made of protein, glucose, and cholesterol -It selectively allows materials to enter the cell. -It forms the outer boundary of the cell -It enables cells to respond to hormones | It is made of protein, glucose, and cholesterol |
| The organic molecule in cell membranes that permits the diffusion of lipid-soluble materials is: | Phospholipids |
| The organic molecule in cell membranes that forms self-antigens attached to proteins is: | Oligosaccharides |
| The cell organelles that are the site of protein synthesis are the: | Ribosomes |
| The cell organelle that synthesizes carbohydrates and secretes cell products is the: | Golgi Apparatus |
| The cell organelles that are the site of ATP production are the: | Mitochondria |
| The cell organelles that sweep materials across a surface are the: | Cilia |
| The cell organelles that permit sperm cells to move are the: | Flagella |
| The cell organelle that transports materials within a cell is the: | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| The cell organelles that contain enzymes to digest ingested pathogens are: | Lysosomes |
| The cell organelles that break down damaged or misfolded proteins are the: | Proteasomes |
| The nucleus is the control center of the cell because it contains: | DNA in the chromosomes |
| The transport of materials through a membrane with the help of carrier enzymes is called: | Facilitated Diffusion |
| Most cells take in glucose by the process of: | Facilitated Diffusion |
| The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration is called: | Diffusion |
| The energy for diffusion is provided by: | Free energy, or natural movement of molecules |
| Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are exchanged in tissues by the process of: | Diffusion |
| The movement of molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration is called: | Active Transport |
| ATP provides the energy for the cellular transport process of: | Active Transport |
| The cells of the small intestine absorb glucose and amino acids by the process of: | Active Transport |
| The sodium pumps of nerve cells rely on the process of: | Active Transport |
| The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called: | Osmosis |
| The small intestine absorbs water by the process of: | Osmosis |
| If human cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they will: | Shrivel |
| If human cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, they will: | Swell and Burst |
| If human cells are placed in an isotonic solution, they will: | Remain the same |
| Which statement is NOT true of human cells and solutions? -An isotonic solution has the same salt concentration as cells -A hypotonic solution has a lower salt concentration than cells - Human cells in a hypotonic solution will loose water | Human cells in a hypotonic solution will lose water |
| Most human cells have ____ chromosomes, which contain ____, the hereditary material. | Blank One: 46 Blank Two: DNA |
| The human diploid number of chromosomes is: | 46 |
| The human cells that have no chromosomes are: | Mature Red Blood Cells |
| The human haploid number of chromosomes is: | 23 |
| In mitosis, the pairs of chromatids line up on the equator of the cell during: | Metaphase |
| In mitosis, the nuclear membrane re-forms around each new set of chromosomes during: | Telophase |
| In mitosis, the spindle fibers pull the sets of chromosomes toward the opposite poles of the cell during: | Anaphase |
| In mitosis, the chromosomes become visible as short rods during: | Prophase |
| The time between mitotic divisions, when the chromosomes duplicate themselves, is called: | Interphase |
| Frequent mitosis is important to the body for all of these except: -Production of new muscle cells -Production of new RBC's -Replacing the stomach lining -Replacing the outer layer of the skin | Production of new muscle cells |
| Meiosis takes place in the: | Ovaries and Testes |
| Spermatogenesis is the name for _____ that takes place in the ____. | Blank One: Meiosis Blank Two: Testes |
| Oogenesis is the name for ___ that takes place in the ____. | Blank One: Meiosis Blank Two: Ovaries |
| The process of mitosis produces ___ cells, each with the ___ number of chromosomes. | Blank One: 2 Blank Two: Diploid |
| Mitosis involves ___ division(s) to produce __ cells. | Blank One: 1 Blank Two: 2 |
| The process of meiosis produces ___ cells, each with the ___ number of chromosomes. | Blank One: Two Blank Two: Four |
| Which element is NOT paired with its correct symbol? - Sodium: S -Oxygen: O -Magnesium: Mg -Clore- Cl | Sodium; S |
| Which element is NOT paired with its correct symbol? -Hydrogen; H -Sulfur; S -Calcium; Ca -Iron; I | Iron; I |
| What part of tghe DNA have science discovered may tell that cells age? | Telomers |
| Which statement is true of compact bone? -It is made of osteons and found within flat an irregular bones -It is made of osteons and is found in the diaphysis of a long bone -It is not made of osteons and is found in the diaphysis of a long bone | It is made of osteons and found in the diaphysis of a long bone |
| Which statement is true of spongy bone? -It is made of osteons and found within flat an irregular bones -It is made of osteons and is found in the diaphysis of a long bone -It is not made of osteons and is found within flat and irregular bones. | It is not made of osteons and is found within flat and irregular bones |
| Which statement is NOT true of long bones? -The diaphysis is the shaft, made of compact bones -An epiphysis is an end, made mostly of spongy bone -The marrow cavity contains yellow bone marrow, and is in the center of each epiphysis | The marrow cavity contains yellow bone marrow, and is in the center of each epiphysis |
| The regulation of the calcium content of adult bones is a function of the: | Osteocytes |
| The production of new bone matrix for growth or repair is a function of the: | Osteoblasts |
| The reabsorption of bone matrix is a function of the: | Osteoclasts |
| The spongy bone of flat and irregular bones contains: | Red bone marrow to produce blood cells |
| Red bone marrow produces these cells: | Platelets, RBC's. and WBC's |
| In the embryo, the bones of the skull are first made of: | Fibrous connective tissue |
| In the embryo, bone matrix is produced by cells called: | Osteoblasts |
| An infant's skull may be compressed slightly during birth without harming the brain because of the: | Fontanels |
| In the embryo, the bones of the arms and legs are girst made of: | Cartilage |
| In an embryonic long bone, centers of ossification are found in the: | Diaphysis and each epiphysis |
| In the long bones of children, growth occurs at the: | Epophyseal discs |
| In an embryonic femur, the marrow cavity is formed by the: | Osteoclasts |
| The term genetic potention for height means: | How tall a person may become |
| The nurtient needed for bone growth that can be synthesized by the body is: | Vitamin D |
| The protein that is part of bone matrix is: | Collagen |
| In the body, the ___ are storage sites for calcium, which is needed in the blood for ___. | Blank One: Bones Blank Two: Clotting |
| The hormones that promote closure of the epiphyseal discs are: | Estrogen and Testosterone |
| Which pair of bones directly helps protect the brain? | Sphenoid and Occipital |
| The temporal bone helps protect the sense organs for: | Hearing |
| Which bone does NOT help for the orbit? | Parietal |
| The sphenoid and ethmoid bones are among the bones of the: | Skull |
| The ethmoid bones helps protect the sensory receptors and nerves for: | Smell |
| The cranial bone that encloses the pituitary gland is the: | Sphenoid |
| Paranasal sinuses are found in all of these bones except the: | Zygomatic |
| Which statement is NOT true of the paranasal sinuses? -They contain air -They are lined with ciliated epithelium -They provide resonance for the voice -They make the skull heavier in weight | They make the skll heavier in weight |
| Which of these organs is NOT protected by the rib cage? -Small intestine -Lungs -Liver -Heart | Small intestine |
| The seven pairs of ribs that articulate directly with the sternum are called: | True Ribs |
| The three pairs of ribs that articulate indirectly with the sternum are called: | False Ribs |
| The two pairs of ribs that do not articulate with the sternum are called: | Floating Ribs |
| The number of pairs of each type of rib - true, false, and floating - in order is: | 7,3,2 |
| Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles? | The Manubrium |
| The rib cage is directly involved in the functioning of which organ system? | Respiratory |
| The vertebrae in the neck are called ___ and there are ___ of them. | Blank One: Cervical Blank Two: Seven |
| The 12 vertebrae in the lower back are called: | Lumbar |
| Between adjacent thoracic vertebrae are ___ joints. | Symphysis |
| Between adjacent lumbar vertebrae are ___ joints that are characterized by. | Blank One: symphysis Blank Two: Discs of cartilage |
| The five fused vertebrae with which the hip bones articulate are called: | Sacral |
| The femur and hip bone form this type of joint: | Ball and socket |
| The frontal and parietal bones form this type of joint: | Suture |
| The two pubic bones form this type of joint: | Symphysis |
| The carpal and metacarpal of the thumb form this type of joint: | Saddle |
| Two adjacent vertebrae form this type of joint: | Symphysis |
| An example of a ball-and-socket joint is the: | Humerus and scapula |
| An example of a suture joint is the: | Occipital and parietal bones |
| An example of a symphysis joint is: | Two vertebrae |
| An example of a hinge joint is the: | Femur and Tibia |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of a hinge joint? -Two phalanges -ulna and humerus -tibia and femur -femur and fibula | Femur and Fibula |
| An example of a pivot joint is the: | Atlas and axis |
| An example of a condyloid joint is the: | Mandible and temporal bone |
| An example of a gliding joint is the joint between two: | Carpals |
| The part of a synovial joint that lines the joint capsule is the: | Synovial membrane |
| The part of a synovial joint that encloses the joint in a strong sheath is the: | Joint capsule |
| The part of a synovial joint that prevents friction within the joint cavity is the: | Synovial fluid |
| The structures that connect bone to bone are: | Ligaments |
| Which statement is NOT true of the periosteum of a bone: -It covers a bone -It lines a bone -It anchors tendons -It anchors ligaments | It lines a bone |
| The structures that permit tendons to slides easily across a moving joint are: | Bursae |
| The plantar area is ___ to the femoral area. | Distal |
| A positive feedback mechanism: | Needs an external event to control it |
| Which of these areas is NOT on the lateral sides of the body? -Iliac -Deltoid -Femoral -Umbilical | Umbilical |
| The term Oral is a synonym for: | Buccal |
| The umbilical area is ___ to the lumbar area: | Ventral |
| The frontal area is ___ to the occipital area: | Anterior |
| The smallest living units of structure and function of the body are called: | Cells |
| The inguinal area is ___ to the perineum: | Lateral |
| The two deltoid areas would be separated by which section of the body: | Midsagittal |
| The upper right abdominal quadrant contains the: | Liver |
| The pelvic cavity contains the: | Urinary bladder |
| A group of cells with similar structure and function is called: | A tissue |
| In a negative feedback mechanism, the effect of the response to the stimulus is to: | Decrease the stimulus |
| The body would be separated into upper and lower parts by which stimulus is to: | Transverse |
| A feedback mechanism that requires an external brake or stop is called: | Positive |
| The organ system that moves the body is the ___ system. | Muscular |
| The term palmar is a synonym for: | Volar |
| The organ system that produces specialized cells to continue the human species is the ____ system. | Reproductive |
| The upper right abdominal quadrant contains the: | Liver and Spleen |
| The two iliac areas would be separated by which section of the body. | Midsagittal |
| The popliteal area is ___ to the femoral area and ___ to the patellar area. | Blank One: Distal Blank Two: Posterior |
| The deltoid area is ___ to the gluteal area | Superior |
| A feedback mechanism in which the response reverses the stimulus is called: | Negative |
| A tissue that moves something is probably | Muscle tissue |
| A transverse section separates the body into: | Upper and Lower parts |
| A coronal section separates the body into: | Front and back parts |
| The lower left abdominal quadrant contains the: | Large and Small intestine |
| The organ system that regulates body functions by means of electrochemical impulses is the ___ system . | Nervous |
| The upper left abdominal quadrant contains the: | Stomach |
| The total of all the chemical reactions and physical changes within the body is the: | Metabolism |
| An area completely lateral to the nasal area is the ___ area. | Temporal |
| The organ system that treansports nutrients and gases within the body is the ___ system. | Circulatory |
| The femoral area would be separated from the patellar area by which section of the lower limb. | Cross |
| A sagittal section separated the body into: | Right and Left parts |
| The hepatic area refers to the ___, and the cardiac area refers to the ___. | Blank One: Liver Blank Two: Heart |
| The cutaneous area refers to the ___, and the gastric area refers to the ___. | Blank One: Skin Blank Two: Stomach |
| A tissue that lines an organ is probably: | Epithelial TIssue |
| An arrangement of several tissues that accomplishes specific functions is called: | An organ |
| The lower right abdominal quadrant contains the: | Small and Large intestine |
| The organ system that supports the body is the __ system. | Skeletal |
| In anatomic position, the hands are ___ and the feet are ___. | Blank One: Palms forward Blank Two: Parallel |
| The pectoral areas would be separated from the gluteal areas by which section of the body? | Midtransverse and Midfrontal |
| The areas of the body that have names similar to the bones within them are the: | Occipital area and Patellar area |
| The thoracic cavity contains the: | Lungs |
| Which of these areas is NOT on the dorsal side of the body? -Sacral -Cervial -Inguinal -Femoral | Inguinal |
| Which of these areas is NOT on the ventral side of the body? -Brachial -Deltoid -Pectoral -Lumbar | Lumbar |
| The occipital area is both: | Posterior and dorsal |
| The brachial area is ___ to the axillary area and ___ to the volar area. | Blank One: Distal Blank Two: Proximal |
| The term for all of the heat production by the body is: | Metabolic Rate |
| The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the: | Diaphragm |
| The pulmonary area refers to the ___, and the perinal area refers to the ____: | Blank One: Lungs Blank Two: Pelvic Floor |
| The organ system that removes waste products from the blood is the ___ system. | Urinary |
| The abdominal cavity contains the: | Small Intestine, Stomach, and Galbladder |
| The mammary area is both: | Anterior and ventral |
| An area that is both dorsal and ventral is the: | Femoral area |
| The pectoral area is ___ to the cervical area and ___ to the umbilical area. | Blank One: Inferior Blank Two: Superior |
| The part of the integumentary system that prevents entry of pathogens is the: | Epidermis |
| The part of the integumentary system that contains sweat glands and sensory receptors is the: | Dermis |
| The part of the integumentary system that connects the skin to muscles is the: | Subcutaneous tissue |
| The layer of the skin that is made of stratified squamous epithelium is the: | Epidermis |
| The layer of the skin that is made of fibrous connective tissue is the: | Dermis |
| The major proteins of the dermis are: | Elastin and Collagen |
| The protein that provides strength to the dermis is: | Collagen |
| In the skin, mitosis takes place continuously in the: | Stratum Germinativum |
| The cells in the epidermis that are capable of phagocytosis are: | Langerhans Cells |
| Prevention of the entry of pathogens is a function of the: | Statum Corneum |
| The stratum corneum is made of layers of cells that: | are dead |
| The protein in the epidermis that prevents water loss is: | Keratin |
| The function of melanin is to protect living skin layers from more: | UV rays |
| Melanin gives color to the epidermis, and also to the: | Hair and Iris of the eye |
| A hair follicle: | Has its base in the dermis, has a hair root at its base, and has a pilomotor muscle that can pull the follicle upright |
| Which of these is NOT a function of human hair? -Keeping dust out of the eyes -Insulating the hands from cold -Insulating the head from cold -Keeping dust out of the nasal passages | Insulating the hands from cold |
| A nail follicle: | Has its base in the dermis, has a nail root that undergoes mitosis, and has cells that produce keratin before they die. |
| All of the following are made of keratin except the: -Pigment of the Skin -Fingernails and toenails -Statum corneum -Hair shafts | Pigment of the skin |
| Free nerve endings in the skin are the receptors for: | Heat, cold, itch, and pain |
| A function of sebum is to: | Prevent drying of the skin and hair |
| The growth of bacteria on the skin surface is inhibited by: | Sebum |
| The function of cerumen is to: | Prevent drying of the eardrum |
| The glands in the dermis that are most important for temperature regulation are the: | Eccrine glands |
| A potentially serious consequence of profuse sweating is: | Dehydration |
| In a warm environment, the arterioles in the dermis will: | Dilate to lose heat |
| In a cold environment, the arterioles in the dermis will: | Constrict to conserve heat |
| The stimulus for the production of vitamin D in the skin is: | Ultraviolet Rays |
| The subcutaneous tissue that stores potential energy is: | Adipose tissue |
| Adipose tissue that cushions some bones is found in the: | Subcutaneous tissue |
| Absence of pigment in the skin: | Albinism |
| What is a 1st Degree burn also called? | Superficial Burn |
| What layer(s) of skin does a Superficial burn affect? | The top layer of the Epidermis |
| A 1st Degree burn causes blisters | False |
| 1st Degree burns are very painful | True |
| What is a 2nd Degree burn also called? | Partial thickness burn |
| What layer(s) of skin does a partial thickness burn affect? | The Epidermis and possibly the dermis |
| A 2nd degree burn does not cause blisters | False |
| A 2nd degree burn is not very painful | False |
| What is another name for the 3rd degree burn | Full thickness burn |
| What layer(s) of skin does a full thickness burn affect? | The epidermis, dermis, and could affect the hypodermis |
| A 3rd degree burn is very painful | False |
| Why is a 3rd degree burn not painful | All of the nerves have been burnt away |
| What are some characteristics of a Full thickness burn | Charred/ burned off skin |
| What is another name for a 4th degree burn? | Deep Full thickness burn |
| What layer(s) does the Deep Full Thickness burn affect? | All layers |
| The 4th degree burn is life threatening | True |
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