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Genetics Ch 12
PSYC458 Ch 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nutrition Transition | Hunter gatherer, early agriculture, end of famine, obesity-related diseases |
| obesity | condition in which excess body fat increases risk for health problems |
| thrifty gene hypothesis | combinations of genetic variants that were once favored by natural selection are now deleterious; defines specific G x E interaction |
| leptin | secreted from fat cells and binds to receptors in the hypothalamus to signal satiety |
| syndromic obesity | symptom of a disorder |
| Prader-Willi Syndrome | 1 in 10-30,000 worldwide; paternally derived deletion on chromosome 15 or maternal disomy 15 |
| physical features of PWS | narrow forehead, almond shaped eyes, short stature, small hands and feet |
| behavioral features of PWS | mild learning impairment, stubbornness, high pain tolerance, insatiable appetite can cause hyperphagia |
| hyperphagia | overeating |
| PWS appetite control circuits | hormones acting on hypothalamus are dysfunctional producing a combination of chronic overeating and reduced physical activity levels |
| feeding disorders | behavioral disturbances that are not related to body weight and shape concerns, ie eating non-edible substances, voluntary regurgiation |
| eating disorders | abnormal eating behavior and preoccupation with food as well as prominent body weight and shape concerns |
| anorexia nervosa | low body weight for height, age, developmental stage not due to another health concern |
| BMI under _______ in adults is considered anorexic | 18.5 kg/m2 |
| Rapid weight loss of more than 20% of total body weight in _ months is also considered anorexic | 6 |
| low body weight is accompanied by a persistent pattern of behaviors to prevent ______ of _____ ______ | restoration of normal weight |
| low body weight or shape is ____ to the person's self-evaluation or is inaccurately perceived to be normal or even excessive | central |
| bulimia nervosa | recurrent episodes of binge eating |
| binge eating episode | distinct period of time during which the individual exdperiences a subjective loss of control over eating, eating notably more or differently than usual, and feels unable to stop eating or limit the type or amount of food eaten |
| Binging is accompanied by repeated inappropriate _________ behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain | compensatory |
| bulimic individuals are preoccupied with body shape or weight which strongly influences | self-evaluation |
| -------- individuals have marked distress about the pattern of binge earing and inappropriate compensatory behavior or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning | bulimic |
| heritability estimate for anorexia is 0.__ - 0.__ | 48-74 |
| heritability estimate for anorexia is 0.__ - 0.__ | 28-83 |
| eating disorder candidate genes: serotonergic | 5-HT2A, 5-HTTLPR, 5-HT1D, TPH |
| eating disorder candidate genes: dopaminergic | DRD2, DRD4, COMT |
| eating disorder candidate genes: opioidergic | OPRD1 |
| eating disorder candidate genes: appetite regulation | GOAT, GHSR, AgRP |
| eating disorder candidate genes: food intake | ESR1, ESR2, CNR1, FAAH |
| eating disorder candidate genes: weight regulation | UPC2, UPC3, MC4R, FTO |
| eating disorder candidate genes: other | BDNF, SK3, TNF |
| Physical activity | involves movement produced by skeletal muscles and requires the expenditure of energy |
| exercise | special type of physical activity that is foal-oriented, structured, and can include repetitive elements that are designed to maintain or improve some aspect of physical fitness |
| Runner's high | after episodes of intense aerobic exercise, such as long-distance running, some people report that they experience feelings of euphoria, relief from anxiety, and reduced ability to feel pain |
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