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Anatomy
Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Digestive Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. |
| ATP | energy carrying molecule found in cells of all living things (provides energy) |
| Anabolism | the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism |
| Catabolism | the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones |
| Electrolytes | help balance bodys acid/pH levels and water amounts |
| Macronutrients | nutrients that the body requires in large amounts (proteins, carbs, lipids, water) |
| Micronutrients | nutrients required in smaller amounts (iron, zinc, maganses, chromium, copper) |
| Saturated Fats | solid at room temperature ( trans fat, causes deposits) |
| Unsaturated Fats | liquid at room temp(oils) |
| Calorie | how food energy is measured |
| BMI | body mass index - height/weight |
| Water Soluble Vitamins | dissolve in water which means they dissolve quickly |
| Fat Soluble Vitamins | take longer to dissolve and excess stored in the liver |
| Glycemic index | value designed to foods based on how quickly the food increases glucose levels straw berry does not |
| malnutrition | nutritional disorder resulting from not having enough of the right food nutrients |
| Macromolecules? | Carbs, Lipids, Proteins |
| Carbs ? Where broken down? | First Source of energy - Sugars Second source of energy - starches Broken down in the mouth |
| Lipids ? Building Blocks? Where broken down? | 3rd Energy Source Glycerol and Fatty Acids Small Intestine |
| Proteins? Building Blocks? Broken down? | Last enegy source Amino Acids Stomach |
| Chemical Digestion | enzymes are used to break down food |
| mechanical digestion | physical force to break down food |
| Functions of Digestive System | ingestion, mechanical processing, digestion, secretion, absorption, excretion |
| Importance of Microvilli | Helps increase surface area, absorb more nutrients |
| Why is it important to maintain a homeostatic pH range of blood? | most chemical reactions are dependent on blood pH |
| What makes something "organic"? | made of carbon |
| importance of water in body? | protects body organs and tissues |
| Bolus | food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva in the mouth. |
| Chyme | acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to SI, contains gastric juices and partly digested foods. |
| Peristalsis | series of muscle contractions |
| Segmentations | contractions the slosh chyme back and forth in the small intestine |
| Bile | greenish-yellow fluid that is secreted by the liver cells |
| How many ATP molecules are created by a starting amount of glucose | 38 |
| Function of an enzyme? | breaks down food, regulate digestion process, and deliver final products ex. O2 and nutrients |
| What type of macromolecule are enzymes? | Proteins |
| What is HDL and LDL | HDL manages LDL LDL creates plaque and clogs arteries |
| diseases associated with cholesterol? | heart attack, stroke, |
| Foods that are high in cholesterol? | red meat, dairy, processed foods |
| What synthesizes cholesterol in the body? | liver |
| Gastrointestinal Tract | contains the mouth, pharynx. esophagus, stomach, small intestine large intestine, rectum, and anus |
| Accessory Organs | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. |
| What is the ultimate goal of the kreb cycle and ETC? | cellular respiration of food for energy |
| Kreb Cycle - Cellular Level | Anabolism (building up), catabolism (breaking down) |
| Kreb Cycle - Cytoplasm | Carbs pyruvate acetyl CoA |
| Kreb Cycle - Mitochondria | beginning process of Kreb Cycle |
| What molecules are needed for the Kreb Cycle to run? | Acetyl CoA |
Created by:
paganom23
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