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BIO 324 Orthopedics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four rotator cuff tendons? | supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis |
| Which of the four rotator cuff tendons is most commonly inflamed? | supraspinatus |
| What are clinical findings for rotator cuff tendinitis? | "empty beer can position", shoulder stiffness, pain over deltoid with resistance, decreased ROM of shoulder |
| What causes rotator cuff tendinitis? | abduction and internal rotation of upper extremity |
| What is the supraspinatus test? | hold arm out like holding a beer can, flip it over to empty the can and have them resist pushing from the provider |
| What are treatments for rotator cuff tendinitis? | rest, ice, pain relievers, physical therapy!, steroid injections |
| What causes olecranon bursitis? | trauma, prolonged pressure (leaning on elbow), infection (insect bite, scrape, puncture wound), rheumatoid arthritis, gout |
| What are s/s of olecranon bursitis? | tenderness in elbow, swelling, reddened look (may be confused for cellulitis) |
| What is treatment for olecranon bursitis? | Drainage!, check fluid for infection, sling, pain meds, ice, antibiotics (if necessary) |
| What causes carpal tunnel syndrome? | median nerve compression |
| What are s/s of carpal tunnel syndrome? | numbness, burning, tingling (thumb, index, and middle fingers), weakness in hand, dropping things, night time symptoms |
| What test do you perform for carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis? | Tinel's test |
| WWhat is the Tinel test? | tap on median nerve to see if there's a response, positive test will have tingling response radiate the hand |
| What is nonsurgical management for carpal tunnel syndrome? | bracing/splinting (especially at night), NSAIDs, activity changes, steroid injections |
| What is surgical management for carpal tunnel syndrome? | carpal tunnel release |
| What is ankylosing spondylitis? | chronic inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints that can lead to pain and stiffness resulting in fusing of vertebrae (ankylosis) |
| Who does ankylosing spondylitis most commonly occur in? | young adults, before age of 35 |
| What is ankylosing spondylitis most associated with? | HLA-B27 gene |
| What is a common way to get relief from ankylosing spondylitis? | bending over a grocery cart |
| What treatment is used for AS? | NSAIDs, ice, rest, physical therapy, rehab, and surgery |
| What is spondylolysis? | a crack or stress fracture in one of the vertebrae |
| Where does spondylolysis most commonly occur? | L5 |
| Who is spondylolysis most common in? | children/adolescents who participate in sports that put stress on lower back (gymnastics, football, weight lifting) |
| What are symptoms of spondylolysis? | low back pain that can radiate to butt or back of thighs, worsens with activity and improves with rest, limited ROM, muscle weakness in back, change in posture or gait |
| What is necessary for spondylolysis diagnosis? | x-ray imaging! will reveal a break in the dog's neck or dog collar |
| What are treatments for spondylolysis? | ice, rest, no sports, physical therapy, lamintomy, disectomy |
| What is spondylolisthesis? | forward slip of one vertebrae relative to another, symptoms occur with growth spurts |
| What are symptoms of spondylolisthesis? | pain with growth spurts, sensory loss or leg weakness, hamstring tightness!, waddling gait |
| What are treatments for spondylolisthesis? | bracing, rest, ice, physical therapy, decompression, decompression with fusing of vertebrae |
| What is a dislocation? | a full loss of contact between two joint surfaces |
| What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation? | anterior |
| What is the most common nerve injury with shoulder dislocation? | axillary nerve |
| What are symptoms of shoulder dislocation? | deformity, swelling, numbness, weakness, bruising |
| What is important for a shoulder dislocation? | x-ray |
| What is treatment for a shoulder dislocation? | reduction of shoulder joint, sling or brace, physical therapy |
| What is nursemaid's elbow? | "pulled elbow"; subluxation of the radial head |
| What are symptoms of nursemaid's elbow? | child holds arm at their side, refuse to bend or rotate their elbow |
| Is an x-ray necessary for nursemaid's elbow? | no |
| How is nursemaid's elbow treated? | reduction of the elbow; will hear a "pop" |
| What is a comminuted fracture? | more than 2 separate bones |
| What is an impacted fracture? | bone breaks into multiple fragments which are driven into each other |
| What is a segmented fracture? | type of comminuted where a completely separated segment of bone is bordered by fracture lines |
| What is a pathologic fracture? | through bone weakened by tumor, metabolic bone disease, or osteoporosis |
| What is a stress fracture? | a normal bone subjected to repeated or cyclical loads that in and of themselves are not sufficient to cause a fracture |
| What is an avulsion? | part of the bone is broken off or "avulsed" from rest of the bone |
| What is the most common pediatric fracture? | clavicle fracture |
| How is a clavicle fracture treated? | slings of figure eight straps |
| What causes a clavicle fracture? | falling directly onto shoulder or outstretched hand |
| What is a Colle's fracture? | a break across the distal end of the radius |
| What usually causes a Colle's fracture? | results from trauma from a fall in which the person tries to break the fall with the hands and arms |
| How is a Colle's fracture treated? | casting |
| What is a Boxer's fracture? | fracture of 5th metacarpal |
| How does a Boxer's fracture occur? | punching someone or a wall |
| How is a Boxer's fracture treated? | ulnar gutter splint |
| What is a Scaphoid fracture? | most common carpal bone to fracture |
| What are symptoms of a scaphoid fracture? | snuff box tenderness |
| What type of hip fracture may destroy the blood supply? | proximal |
| What are symptoms of a hip fracture? | shortening and external rotation of the affected leg with pain in the hip region |
| How are hip fractures managed? | surgery within 24-48 hours, simple fractures receive conservative treatment |
| How are 5th metatarsal fractures treated? | hard soled shoe and partial weight bearing |
| What is multiple myeloma? | malignant tumor of plasma cells arising from a single clone |
| What is a symptom of multiple myeloma? | bone pain over sternum and pelvis |
| What is the diagnostic test for multiple myeloma? | x-ray |
| What type of bone does Ewing's Sarcoma usually affect? | long bones (tibia, femur, humerus) |
| What diagnostic tests can confirm Ewing's Sarcoma? | x-ray and biopsy |
| What is the treatment plan for Ewing's Sarcoma? | chemo, surgery, and radiation |
| What is a sprain? | the overstretching or tearing of ligaments |
| What is a strain? | the overstretching or tearing of tendons |
Created by:
kristina2992
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