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Neuron
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axon | where electrical impulses from the neuron travel away to be received by other neurons. |
| Dendrite | appendages that are designed to receive communications from other cells. |
| Schwann Cells | a type of glial cell that surrounds neurons, keeping them alive and sometimes covering them with a myelin sheath. |
| Myelin Sheath | an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. |
| Neurotransmitters | a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure. |
| Cell Body | the compact section of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
| Axon Terminals | small swellings that are found at the terminal ends of axons. |
| Node of Ranvier | the gaps between the myelin insulation of Schwann cells which insulate the axon of neuron. |
| Secondary Messenger | Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules. |
| Synapse | synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. |
| Dopamine | a chemical released in the brain that makes you feel good. |
| Serotonin | a chemical that carries messages between nerve cells in the brain and throughout your body. |
| Vesicles | a thin-walled sac filled with a fluid, usually clear and small. |
| Receptors | transmit the actions of bound neurotransmitters. |
| Action Potential | a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane. |
| Sodium Potassium Pump | helps to maintain osmotic equilibrium and membrane potential in cells. |
| Depolarization | when a change occurs inside a cell that causes the distribution of electric charges to alter, leaving the cell with a less negative charge than the outside. |
| Repolorization | the resetting of the electrochemical gradients of the cell to prepare for a new action potential. |
| Diffusion | An ion that is in high concentration in one area will tend to move, or diffuse, to an area of lower concentration. |
| Concentration Gradient | occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another. |
| Reflex Arc | a neural pathway that controls a reflex. |
| Reflex vs. Reaction | Reactions are voluntary responses whereas reflexes are involuntary or unintentional |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | a test that detects abnormalities in your brain waves. |
| Electromyogram (EMG) | a diagnostic procedure to assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them. |
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan | Positron emission tomography (PET) is a type of nuclear medicine procedure that measures metabolic activity of the cells of body tissues. |
| Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan | computerized tomography (CT) scan combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles around your body. |
| X-Ray | use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs on film or digital media. |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technology that produces three dimensional detailed anatomical images. |
Created by:
TwigSan
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