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Govt. Exam 3
Covers public opinion, the media, and elections.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Exit Polls | Polling people who just voted outside of a polling site |
| Political Elites | Small group of people who have disproportionate wealth, privilege, political power, or skill. |
| Political Socialization | How people learn about politics and form their views. |
| Random Sample | any given voter has a chance in being a part of a survey |
| Sampling Error | differences in the results between two survey samples |
| Margin of Error | error in the measurement of samples where stats think the population really is. |
| Question Wording | How the question is asked influences the respondents’ answers. |
| Question Form | Either in closed form (yes or no) or open ended (lets respondent choose how to answer and explain their answer). |
| Adversarial Press | antagonistic reporting. |
| Blog | A regularly updated website or webpage, usually run by an individual or a small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style. |
| Equal Time Rule | Requires American TV and radio broadcasting stations to treat political candidates equally in terms of airtime. |
| Feature Stories | An article that is written about a person or a specific moment in a major event. |
| Horse-Race Journalism/coverage | Method in which news is presented to the public and overwhelms alternatives such as policy/issue-based coverage or candidate specific background stories. (who’s ahead in the race?) |
| Different models of new media | Blog, email, music and streaming services, virtual reality, websites. |
| Insider Stories | A type of news story that involves information not usually made public which requires investigative work from the reporter or a leak by an official. |
| Loaded Language | Words, phrases, or any verbal/written communication forms that elicit a strong emotional response from the audience. Used to garner attention. |
| Sound Bite | A short extract from a recorded interview, chosen for its appropriateness. |
| Spots | Short TV ad |
| Visuals | A picture or piece of media used to illustrate or accompany something. |
| Do presidential debates influence election results? | No. They help convince people who are on the fence and build their support group. |
| Sources of News | Newspapers, print ads (like magazines), and broadcasting (tv and radio). |
| Which source of news is most popular? | TV News |
| Media | The main means of mass communication regarded collectively |
| Framing | How an issue is presented influences the attitudes and considerations of the viewers |
| Priming | The more the media talks about an issue, the more important the issue is to evaluating the candidates. |
| Agenda-Setting | The more the media talks about something, the more important the public thinks it is. |
| Valence Issue | Issue on which most voters agree |
| Trial Balloon | Tentative measure taken, or statement made to see how a new policy will be received. |
| Campaigns | A political journey by candidates leading to an election that tries to mobilize its support base and convince people who may be on the fence. |
| Different types of campaigns | Cross-pressures, wedge issues, priming, reinforcement, and micro-targeting. |
| Which state has the first primary? | Iowa. |
| Incumbent | Official who is already in the position candidates are campaigning for. |
| Incumbency Advantage | Incumbents are more likely to win position again because of recognition and momentum. |
| Blanket Primary | Election where parties vote for one candidate per party to move onto the general election. |
| Closed Primary | Must be registered with a party before the election date. |
| Open Primary | All voters can wait until election day to choose a party. |
| Primary Election | Election where voters cast their preferences between candidates within their party. |
| Prospective Voting | Voting based on the imagined future performance of a candidate. |
| Retrospective Voting | Voting based on the past performance of a candidate or party |
| Sociotropic Voting | Voting in which voters evaluate incumbents based on the national economic change they have influenced. |
| Social Context Voting | What is going on in the world will influence how you vote |
| Apportionment | Process of allocation of districts or states. |
| Malapportionment | Gerrymandering; districting an area to unfairly benefit a party or candidate. |
| Redistricting | The action of a state legislature or other body in redrawing legislative electoral district lines. |
| Gerrymandering | Drawing district boundaries to unfairly benefit a party, group, or incumbent |
| Cost and benefits of participation in elections | Costs are time and effort, and the likelihood of a single vote changing the outcome is zero. Cost-benefit relationships for voting are weak. |
| Gender Gap | The difference in the way that men and women vote. |
| Political Ideology | A set of ethical ideas, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, or large group. |
Created by:
oliviabengtson
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