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Ch. 8: Joints Notes
Chapter 8 Joints Notes Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are joints/articulations? | Junction between bones; where two bones meet. |
| How are joints classified? | Joints are classified by their structure and function. |
| How are functional joints grouped? | Functional joints are grouped according to the degree of movement possible at the junction. |
| How are structural joints classified? | Structural joints are classified by the type of tissue that binds the bones together. |
| List the types of functional joints and their mobility. | Synarthrotic - immovable Amphiarthrotic - slightly movable Diarthrotic - freely movable |
| List the types of structural joints. | Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial |
| Describe fibrous joints. | Fibrous joints are bones joined by connective tissue and contain many collagen fibers. They tend to be immovable, and lie between bones in close contact; They have no joint cavity. |
| List the types of fibrous joints. | Syndesmoses, sutures, and gomphosis. |
| What is syndesmoses? | Bones connected by a sheet of dense connective tissue or a ligament; these are amphiarthrotic. |
| Where are syndesmoses joints found? | They are found between the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) and the leg (tibia and fibula). |
| What are sutures? | Seams between bones of the skull, united by a thin layer of dense connective tissue, the sutural ligament; these are synarthrotic. |
| What is gomphosis? | Formed by the union of a cone-shaped bony process in a bony socket; these are synarthrotic joints. |
| Where are gomphosis joints found? | Teeth |
| Describe cartilaginous joints. | Bones are connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; They have no joint cavity. |
| List the types of cartilaginous joints. | Synchondrosis and symphysis. |
| What are synchondrosis joints? | Bands of hyaline cartilage unite the bones, many of these are temporary structures; these are synarthrotic joints. |
| What are examples of synchondrosis joints? | Epiphyseal plates, joint between the sternum and the first rib |
| What are symphysis joints? | Compressible fibrocartilage; These are amphiarthrotic. |
| Where are symphysis joints found? | Symphysis pubis and the joints between vertebrae. |
| Describe synovial joints. | Occurs where articulating bones are separated by a fluid-filled joint cavity, most joints in the body fall into this category; these are diarthrotic. |
| List the structures of a synovial joint. | Articular cartilage, articular capsule (fibrous capsule & synovial membrane), joint cavity, synovial fluid; Other features of some joints include the menisci and the bursae. |
| What is articular cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage that covers opposing bone surfaces; resists wear and minimizes friction. |
| What is a joint/articular capsule? | Holds together the bones of the joint, it is two-layered. |
| What is a fibrous capsule? | The outer membrane of the articular capsule made of dense connective tissue that covers the whole. |
| What is a synovial membrane? | The inner membrane of the articular capsule made of loose connective tissue. Covers all surfaces except where articular cartilage is. |
| What is a joint cavity? | Closed sac created by the synovial membrane, contains small amount of synovial fluid. |
| What is synovial fluid? | Secreted by synovial membrane, lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces within the joint. |
| What is a menisci? | Fibrocartilage discs; located between the articular surfaces. |
| What is a bursae? | Fluid-filled sacs located between a bony prominence and a tendon |
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