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Anatomy Test 1
Central nervous system and basics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 3 major jobs of nervous system | sense changes in environment, process changes, and respond to them |
| Of the 3 jobs, what are the peripheral and central nervous systems responsible respectively | PNS: sense changes and respond to them. CNS: process the changes |
| What temps are thermoreceptors sensitive to? | freezing to 100 F |
| what are mechanoreceptors and what do they recognize? What part of the ear has mechanoreceptors? | respond to force like touch (pressure and vibration) and hair cells of the ear also fall into this category |
| What are nocireceptors? | allows body to feel pain |
| What are proprioceptors? | give brain information about positioning of muscles |
| What does the somatic nervous system control? what type of commands? | skeletal muscle, outgoing commands |
| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | smooth and cardiac muscle, as well as glands. no conscious control |
| What is the purpose of afferent neurons? what type of control? | To send information to the brain, unconcious control |
| What is the purpose of efferent neurons? | to relay information from brain to muscles |
| what does amitotic mean and what is an example in the body? | Amitotic means the cell cant divide and neurons are an example |
| What is the job of the axon hillock? | to decide whether or not to pass the signal to the next cell |
| Which is more likely to have schwann cells? autonomic or somatic nervous system? | somatic |
| where would you find oligodendrites? | in the organs of the CNS such as brain and spinal cord |
| What is the resting potential of a neuron? | -70 |
| What are the nodes of ranvier? | only place where signals can travel down axon and this signal jumps over schwann cells |
| How does the body tell the magnitude of pain signals? | they send multiple action potentials in rapid succession |
| What is depolarization? When does this happen? | upward change in voltage where the axon is no longer way more negative then surroundings. this happens when Na enters axon |
| What are graded potentials and what are they specific to? | specific to dendrites and their size changes based on intensity of stimulus from action potential |
| What is the main characteristic of a multipolar neuron? what is notable about them? | they have many dendrites and 90% of our neurons are multipolar |
| What are bipolar neurons? where would you find them? | neurons with a single dendron that are found near sensory recpetors such as photoreceptors or hair cells in ear |
| What are unipolar neurons? where do you find them? | they are afferent neurons that transmit information to spinal cord and found in dorsal root ganglion |
| When a NA-K pump is working, how many sodium and potassium ions are moving and which direction? | 3 Na ions out and 2 K ions in |
| What is the resting potential? | the dynamic but stable flow of NA and K in and out of the cell to keep the charge at roughly -70 mv. this is what is needed for an axon to fire. |
| what is the voltage that causes voltage gated channels to open? | -55 |
| Where does the spinal cord pass through? | pharanem magna |
| What does the brainstem regulate? | blood pressure and heart rate, controls involuntary responses like vomiting an coughing |
| where are the cell bodies of the vagus nerve located? | the medulla |
| What does the diencephalon consist of? | thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and epithalamus |
| What does the hypothalamus do? | control pituitary gland, and in charge of thirst, hunger and body temperature |
| What is the mnemonic to describe the hypothalamus: | the 4 F's: feeding, fighting, fleeing, mating |
| what does the epithalamus do? | helps regulate our ability to sleep |
| What is the function of the cerebellum? | helps control balance and movement |
| where are propriceptors most likely to be connected to? | the cerebellum |
| limbic system, what is it composed of? | the hippocampus and the amygdala |
| what are the respective functions of the hippocampus and the amygdala | the hippocampus controls the memory center and the amygdala focuses on anxiety and fear |
| what happens in the cerebral hemisphere? | higher functions like problem solving, critical thinking and initiation of motor movements |
| what is the sulcus? | fold between wrinkles in brain |
| what is the gyrus? | each hill between the folds |
| What is primarily in the gray matter? | neuron cell bodies and dendrites |
| What is primarily in white matter? | mostly axons |
| What do the association fibers do? What is the caveat? | connect one region of cortex to a different part of cortex in SAME HEMISPHERE |
| what do the projection fibers do? | allows cortex to communicate to rest of body |
| what do the commisural fibers do? | connect both sides of brain and form corpus collasum |
Created by:
Lyd543
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