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Unit 7 Digestive
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aerophagia | excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| anastomosis | surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures; plural, anatomoses |
| antiemetic | Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting |
| aphthous ulcers | Gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers |
| bariatrics | branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases |
| borborygmus | The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine |
| cachexia | condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS. |
| celiac disease | inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance |
| cheilosis | disorder of the lips characterized by cracklike sores at the corners of the mouth |
| cholangiography | radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium |
| cholangitis | acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones |
| choledocholithotomy | An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones |
| cholelithiasis | The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| cirrhosis | progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring. |
| colonoscopy | The direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon, from the rectum to the cecum |
| colostomy | The surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface |
| Crohn's disease | A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon |
| dental prophylaxis | The professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus. |
| diverticulitis | Inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon. |
| diverticulosis | The chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon |
| dyspepsia | Pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion. |
| dysphagia | Difficulty in swallowing. |
| enema | The placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity. |
| enteritis | Inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens. |
| eructation | The act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach. |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | An endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum. |
| esophageal varices | Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus. |
| gastroduodenostomy | The establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum. |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | The upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD. |
| gastrostomy tube | The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach. |
| hematemesis | The vomiting of blood. |
| Hemoccult test | A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test |
| hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection. |
| herpes labialis | Blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters. |
| hiatal hernia | An anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest though an opening in the diaphragm. |
| hyperemesis | Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration. |
| ileus | The partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine, or both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis. |
| inguinal hernia | The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin. |
| jaundice | A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood. |
| leukoplakia | An abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek. |
| melena | The passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools that is caused by the presence of digested blood. |
| morbid obesity | The condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40; also known as severe obesity. |
| nasogastric intubation | The placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach. |
| obesity | An excessive accumulation of fat in the body. |
| palatoplasty | The surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip. |
| peptic ulcers | Sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylorior by medications, such as aspirin, that irritate the mucous membranes. |
| peristalsis | A series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system. |
| polyp | A mushroomlike growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant. |
| proctologist | A physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus. |
| regurgitation | The return of swallowed food into the mouth. |
| salmonellosis | An infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces; also referred to as salmonella. |
| sigmoidoscopy | The endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon. |
| stomatitis | An inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth. |
| trismus | Any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer. |
| ulcerative colitis | A chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation. |
| volvulus | Twisting of the intestine upon itself, causing an obstruction. |
| xerostomia | The lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth. |
| ac | before meals; acute |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BMR | basal metabolic rate |
| BS | blood sugar; bowel sounds; breath sounds |
| BSC | bedside commode |
| CHO | carbohydrate |
| COL | colonoscopy |
| chol | cholesterol |
| Dx, dx | diagnosis |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HAV, HBV, HCV | Hepatitis A, B, & C |
| I&O | intake & output |
| IH | inguinal hernia |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| NG, ng, N/G | nasogastric |
| NVD | nausea, vomiting, & diarrhea |
| pc | after meals |
| po | by mouth |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| Rx | prescription |
| DH | developmental history |
| RD | registered dietician |
| TPN | total parenteral nutrition |
| UC | ulcerative colitis |
| an/o | anus; ring |
| chol/e | bile; gall |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| col/o, colon/o | colon or large intestine |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| hepat/o | liver |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| or/o, stomat/o | mouth |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| -pepsia | digest, digestion |
| -phagia | swallowing, eating |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| proct/o | anus, rectum |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| N/V | nausea and vomiting |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
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