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Medical Terminology
Chapter 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| albumin/o | protein |
| dips/o | thirst |
| meat/o | meatus (opening) |
| py/o | pus |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis (basin) |
| renal cortex | outer part of the kidney (cortex = bark) |
| hilum | indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave |
| renal artery | one of two blood vessels that branch off the abdominal aorta that supplies the kidney with blood |
| renal vein | one of two blood vessels that drain the kidney and connect to the inferior vena cava |
| renal medulla | inner part of the kidney |
| calyces or calices | funnel-shaped ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis (kalyx = cup of a flower) |
| nephron | microscopic functional unit of the kidney; long, convoluted tubular structure consisting of the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerular capsule), proximal tubule, nephron loop, and distal tubule |
| collecting duct | tubule that connects the nephrons to the renal pelvis |
| glomerulus | small, ball-shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron |
| glomerular capsule | top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus; also called Bowman capsule |
| renal tubule | stem portion of the nephron |
| ureter | tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder |
| renal pelvis | basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney |
| ureteropelvic junction | point of connection between the renal pelvis and the ureter |
| urethra | single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body |
| urethral meatus | opening in the urethra to the outside of the body |
| creatinine | waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine |
| albuminuria | presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise; also called proteinuria |
| anuria | absence of urine formation |
| bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in the urine |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of urinary bladder control |
| nocturnal enuresis | bed-wetting during sleep |
| glucosuria | glucose (sugar) in the urine; also called glycosuria |
| hematuria | presence of blood in the urine |
| incontinence | involuntary discharge of urine or feces |
| nocturia | urination at night after waking from sleep |
| oliguria | decreased urine production |
| polyuria | condition of excessive urination |
| pyuria | presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection |
| urinary retention | retaining of urine resulting from an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction |
| adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) | inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure; diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement, and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) |
| hydronephrosis | pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine |
| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
Created by:
HannahLCobb
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