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Chapter 1 (A&P)

TermDefinition
Pneuomothorax condition characterized by air entering the thoracic cavity
Tendon attaches muscle to bone
Ligament attaches bone to bone
Metabolism all the chemical reactions that occur within body cells
Irritability the ability to sense changes in the environment
Digestion the process of breaking down food
Hematopoesis the production of blood vessels
Cardiovascular system that the heart is part of
Physiology the study and how the body and its parts work or function
Urinary system the removes the nitrogenous wastes from the body
Capillary smallest type of blood vessel
Organism the highest level of structural organization
Tissue groups of similar cells that have a common function
Aorta largest blood vessel in the body
Excretion process of removing wastes from the body
Trachea tube that carries air to the lungs
Homeostasis the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions
Organ structure formed of two or more tissue types
Endocrine glands Ductless glands
Integumentary system that the external covering of the body of the skin
Homeostatic imbalance term that describes the disturbance of the body's stable internal condition
Cells the smallest units of all living things
Diaphragm separates the superior thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity
Exocrine glands glands with ducts
Atoms the building blocks of matter
Abdominal cavity containing the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs
Abdominopelvic cavity inferior to the diaphragm
Afferent pathway where information flows from the receptor to the control center
Anatomical position the initial reference point that the body is in (facing front)
Anatomy the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationship to one another
Cardiac muscles makes up the thick middle layer of the heart
Control center determines the level at which a variable is to be maintained , analyzes the information it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action
Cranial cavity the space inside the bony skull
Digestive system a tube running through the body from mouth to anus (oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, liver, salviary glands, and pancreas)
Effector provides the means for the control center's response (output) to the stimulus
Efferent pathway when information flows from the control center to the effector
Endocrine system controls body cavities, but it acts much more slowly
Excretion the process of moving excreta (wastes) from the body
Growth an increase in size, usually accomplished by an increase in the number of cells. Cell-constructing activities must occur at a faster rate than a cell-destroying one.
Levels of organization Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Lymphatic system complements the cardiovascular system (lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs (spleen and tonsils)
Mediastinum separates the lungs into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity (houses the heart, trachea, and other visceral organs)
Movement includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system. Propelling ourselves from one place to another (walking, swimming, etc) and manipulating the external environment with our fingers (occurs inside the body as well)
Muscular system muscles of the body have only one function, to contract, or shorten (smooth, cardiac, skeletal)
Negative feedback mechanisms the net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original or reduce its intestity
Nervous system the body's fast-acting control system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
Organ system a group of organs that works together to accomplish a common purpose
Physiology the study of how the body and its parts work or function
Plane an imaginary line
Positive feedback mechanisms rare in the body because they tend to increase the original disturbance and push the original stimulus
Receptor some type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes n the environment
Reproduction the production of offspring, can occur on the cellular or organismal level
Reproductive system exists primarily to produce offspring
Respiratory system keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide (nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs)
Responsiveness the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment then to react to them
Skeletal muscles enable humans to move and perform daily activities
Skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints which support the body and provide a framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement
Spinal cavity extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column
Spleen fights any invading germs in the blood. Controls the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood.
Stimuli changes in the environment
Thoracic cavity is separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by a dome-shaped muscle (lungs, heart, and others)
Tonsils stops germs from entering the body through the nose and mouth
Urinary system removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and uretha)
Endocrine glands ductless glands
Adenosine triphosphate energy rich molecules that power cellular activies
Bladder stores urine
Carbohydrates major energy providing fuel for body cells
Coronal section a cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Cross section cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts
Diaphragm dome-shaped muscle
Dorsal body cavity lies close to the spine in the posterior portion of the body. has two subdivisions that are continuous with each other.
Estrogen female sex hormone
Hemoglobin responsible for transporting oxygen through the blood and gives blood its red color
Hormones chemical substances that act like messenger molecules through the body
Kidney filter waste materials from the blood and pass them out as urine, regulate blood pressure and the levels of water, salts, and minerals in the body
Nasal cavity located within and posterior to the nose, is part of the respiratory system passageways
Nitrogen forms 78% of the earths atmosphere
Orbital cavity orbits in the skull, house the eyes, and present them in an anterior position
Ovaries produce eggs (ova)
Pancreas produces enzymes that help break down food
Pelvic cavity houses reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum
Progesterone female sex hormone
Pulmonary artery carry blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary vein transfers oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Saggital section a cut along the lengthwise, longitudinal, plane of the body dividing it into right and left parts
Skeletal muscle tissue muscle fibers that are wrapped together by connective tissue sheaths
Smooth muscle tissue located in walls of hollow visceral organs (liver, pancreas, intestines)
Testes produce sperm
Testosterone male sex hormone
Urea main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine
Urethra the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder
Uterus provides the site for the development of the fetus once fertilization has occurred
Water accounts for 60 to 80 percent of body weight. the single most abundant chemical substance in the body
Created by: margaret_05
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