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Enlightenment
AP Euro Study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nicholas Copernicus | uses math and observational data to make the case that the Earth orbits the sun (heliocentric view) |
| Heliocentric View | the belief that the Earth orbits the sun and the SUN is in the middle of the solar system |
| Geocentric View | EARTH at the center of the universe; "heavens" are ethereal and move in unchanging circular spheres |
| Galileo Galilei | observes planets aren't ethereal; mad of the same materials as Earth; finds data that confirms the heliocentric view |
| Isaac Newton | describes universal law of gravitation and three laws of motion |
| Paracelsus | rejected medical theories of Aristotle and Galen; the idea that an imbalance of humors causes illness |
| Andreas Vesalius | used dissection to improve study of anatomy |
| William Harvey | rejected Galen's theories of blood flow, improves study of physiology |
| Rene Decartes | "I think, therefore I am"; found rationalism; believed that we need to use our minds and reason, since observation can sometimes lie |
| Empiricism | suggests that the world can be understood through observation |
| Cartesian dualism | the belief that the mind was superior to and distinct from the body |
| Telescope | Galileo Galilei was the first to use one, used to observe planetary movements |
| Inductive Reasoning | from philosopher Francis Bacon; develop principles from experimentation and observation of multiple examples |
| Deductive Reasoning | from philosopher Rene Descartes; start with general principles to discern truth about specific examples |
| Newton's Law | 1. Rest will remain at rest, motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force 2. The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration 3. Every action has its equal and opposite reaction |
| Enlightment | 17/18th century intellectual movement that applied the principles of the Scientific Revolution in order to promote societal progress |
| The Scientific Revolution | develops from the Renaissance; idea that knowledge is gained through reason and understanding; advances made in astronomy, physics, chemistry; new ways of doing science are developed |
| tabula rasa | belief that human beings are born as a blank state and learn through experience |
| John Locke | believed in tabula rasa; his political philosophy: humans have a natural right to life, liberty and property; government has social contract where people give some freedom for protection but can overthrow if government doesn't protect natural rights |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | believed that all humans are good but the society is corrupted and kids need to be educated to become good so they can come together as a democracy and create laws together |
| Voltaire | deist; highly critical of organized religion; supporter of freedom of speech and thought; didn't like absolutism or democracy |
| Deism | Christianity mixed with Enlightenment ideas; natural laws; God put things in motion then steps back |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | rebutted Rousseau; argued that women are only less capable of reason because they didn't have access to the same educational opportunities as men; criticized aristocracy and advocates for a republican |
| Salons | like a living room; a public gathering space where enlightenment ideas spread |
Created by:
faith.gantan
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