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Chapter 6 Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of Bones | support, protect, movement, mineral homeostasis, blood production, energy storage |
| Epiphyses | at each end (distal and proximal) --> covered with articular cartilage |
| Disphysis | shaft of bone (contains medullary cavity filled with marrow) |
| Center of Bone (medullary cavity) | lined by endosterm (contains osteoblasts) |
| Metaphysis | mature region where epiphyses and diaphysis meet |
| Periosteum | covering of bone (fibrous/osteogenic layers) both are essential for bone growth |
| Epiphyseal Seal | occurs in bones when growing (old people don't have this) |
| Compact and Spongy Bone | has a continuous matrix with no gaps (both are strong/resistant) |
| Spongy Bone | has spaces between plates to reduce weight of bones |
| Compact Bone | contains osteons cemented together |
| Intramembranous Bones | bones that develop from layers of loose connective tissue (osteoblasts form into mature bone cells, osteocytes) |
| Endochondral Bones | bone that develop as hyaline cartilage that is later replaced by bone tissue |
| Primary Ossification Center | within diaphysis |
| Secondary Ossification Center | within epiphysis |
| Homeostasis of Bone Tissue | Osteoclasts and osteoblasts continually remodel |
| Bone Growth - Elongation | The epiphyseal plate allows the diaphysis of a bone to increase in length |
| Bone Growth - Thickness | Osteoclasts destroy the bone lining of the medullary cavity which increases its size (osteoblasts build bone tissue on the periosteum) |
| Gigantism | Too much human growth hormone (hGH) before puberty |
| Dwarfism | Too little human growth hormone (hGH) before puberty |
| Growth Spurt | caused by testosterone, estrogen, and sex hormones after puberty has occured |
| Many Osteoclasts | results in bone loss or weakness of bone (osteoporosis, rickets (children), osteomalacia (adults) |
| Many Osteoblasts | results in thick, heavy bone or bone spurs |
| Paget's Disease | combination of too many osteoclasts and osteoblasts |
| Partial | incomplete break across the bone |
| Complete | complete break across the bone |
| Closed | doesn't break skin |
| Open | breaks the skin |
| Comminuted | bone has splintered, fragments between two pieces |
| Greenstick | partial break on one side and other bends (only in children) |
| Spiral | twisted apart |
| Impacted | one fragment is firmly driven into the other |
| Transverse | fracture at a right angle to the long bone |
| Displaced | anatomical alignment of the bone fragments is not preserved |
| Non-displaced | anatomical alignment of the bone is preserved |
| Stress | microscopic fractures resulting from repeated stressful impact |
| Pathologic | weakening of bone by disease (osteoporosis, osteomalacia) |
| Pott's | fracture located on the distal end of leg bone |
| Colles' | fracture located on the distal end of forearm bone |
Created by:
dkunkel
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