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Beth Take
Anatomy Weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The characteristics of life are: | Responsiveness. Conductivity. Growth. Respiration. Digestion. Absorption. Secretion. Excretion. Circulation. Reproduction. |
| What is the smallest living units of structure and function in the body? | Cells |
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | Superficial |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): | Tissue |
| The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? | Umbilicus |
| Blood production is a function of which system? | Skeletal |
| The abdominopelvic cavity contains the: | Stomach. Pancreas. Reproductive organs. |
| The reproductive system does not include the: | Ureter |
| The lungs are located in the: | Thoracic cavity |
| A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region | Right hypochondriac |
| A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. | Right and Left |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): | Tissue |
| Popliteal refers to the: | Area behind the knee |
| When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n): | Tissue |
| The structure that is called the “powerhouse” of the cell is the: | Mitochondria |
| Molecules are: | Atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates. |
| If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | Proximal |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane. | Transverse |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | Organelles |
| Describe anatomical position: | Head pointing forward. Body standing erect. Arms at sides. Palms facing forward. |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): | Organ |
| An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included? | Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac |
| From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: | Chemical, Organelle, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism. |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | Ventral and Dorsal |
| The mediastinum contains the: | Trachea. Venae cavae. Esophagus. |
| A frontal section divides the body into _____ portions. | Front and Back |
| The number of abdominal regions is: | Nine |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: | Sagittal |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: | Coronal |
| The gallbladder lies in the: | Abdominal cavity |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | Hydrolysis |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. | Exchange |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | Protons |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| An element that is least likely to combine with another element is: | Helium |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | One proton and two neutrons. |
| Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | Turn blue |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | Bases |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | Alkaline (basic) |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | Hydrolysis |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): | Electron |
| Acids: | Are proton donors. Taste sour. Release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | A positive and a negative ion attracting each other |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction. | Synthesis |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | Solution becomes more acidic |
| Which of the following represents properties of water? | High specific heat. High heat of vaporization. Strong polarity. |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | Catabolism. Anabolism. ATP requirements. |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | Two |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: | Electrons |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | Neutrons |
| The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | Water |
| A trace element in the body is: | Iron |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | Dehydration synthesis |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | Protons and Neutrons |
| What are the major elements present in the human body? | Oxygen. Carbon. Potassium. |
| The octet rule refers to the: | Stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2 |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | Glycoprotein molecules |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: | Faces the exterior of the cell. Faces the interior of the cell. |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle? | Mitochondrion |
| The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? | Cholesterol |
| Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? | Golgi apparatus |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called: | Cilia |
| A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: | Microtubules. Intermediate filaments. Microfilaments. |
| The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center. | Centrosome |
| A structure or function of the proteasome is: | Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER. Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits. Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in. |
| A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the: | Flagellum |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: | Chromatin |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: | Phospholipid bilayer |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? | Proteasomes |
| The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called: | Microvilli |
| What cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles? | Microfilament |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: | Plasma Membrane |
| The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? | Mitochondrion |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: | Supplies membrane for use throughout the cell. Makes steroid hormones. Makes glycoproteins. |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum: | It is made of broad, flattened sacs. It has many ribosomes attached to it. |
| What organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? | Lysosomes |
| The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: | Lysosome |
| The fundamental organizational unit of life are the: | Cell |
| Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: | Caveolae |
| The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the: | Peroxisomes |
| What recognize and destroy nonself cells? | Immune cells |
| Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function? | Cell division |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | Female sex cell or ovum |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: | Desmosomes |
| Main cell structures include: | Organelles. Plasma membrane. Cytoplasm. |
| Ribosomes: | Contain protein. Composed of a large unit and a small unit. Contains RNA. |
| Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function? | Help organize the various components of the plasma membrane. Play an important role in the pinching of a parent cell into two daughter cells. Sometimes allow the cell to form depressions that form a means of carrying substances into the cell. |
| The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: | Microvilli |
| Integral membrane protein's functions are: | Acting as receptors. Signal transduction. Identification of “self”. |
| DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? | Nucleus |
| The nucleolus is composed chiefly of: | rRNA |
| Primary germ layers are: | Endoderm. Ectoderm. Mesoderm. |
| What contains intercalated disks? | Cardiac muscle |
| The most superficial layer of the epidermis is: | Stratum corneum |
| What contains osteocytes? | Bone |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, becomes filled with a tough, fibrous protein called: | Keratin |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | Mucus |
| Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the | Epidermis |
| What tissue lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? | Cartilage |
| The four Principal types of tissues are: | Epithelial. Nervous. Connective. Muscle. |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer. | Reticular layer |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is: | Connective |
| An example of a serous membrane is: | Pleura. Peritoneum. Pericardium. |
| What is the most abundant kind of protein compound in the body: | Collagen |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. | Dermoepidermal |
| What type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? | Simple cuboidal epithelium |
| The basic determinant of skin color is: | Melanin |
| The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the | Basement membrane |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is: | Fibrocartilage |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and | Epidermis |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains: | Proteins and Proteoglycans |
| Adipose tissue is: | A storage tissue |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the: | Arrector Pili Muscle |
| The External Ear is composed of | Elastic cartilage |
| The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the: | Hypodermis |
| Types of connective tissue are: | Blood. Adipose. Cartilage. |
| The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the: | Cerumen |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the: | Neuron |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the ___ glands. | Sweat, Sebaceous, and Ceruminous |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called: | Extracellular matrix |
| The two major categories of body membranes are: | Epithelial and Connective |
| Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the: | Lanugo |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes. | Synovial |
| Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? | Epithelial |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a: | Matrix |
| All glands in the body can be classified as either: | Exocrine or Endocrine |
| What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? | Ligaments and Tendons |
| Example of a facial bone: | Zygomatic bone |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | Pubic Symphysis |
| The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the | Patella |
| Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs? | Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum. |
| What bones form the framework of the hand? | Metacarpals |
| The human skeleton system consists of two divisions. They are: | Axial and Appendicular |
| What are the bone legs? | Femur, Tibia, Fibula |
| The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the: | Radius and Ulna |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the: | Periosteum |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | Fontanels |
| The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the: | Sternum |
| Spongy bone is characterized by: | Open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. |
| Which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate? | Palatine |
| Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle? | Clavicle and Scapula |
| Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally? | Fibula |
| Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? | Carpals |
| What is not the appendicular skeleton? | Vertebrae |
| The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the: | Lacrimal |
| What is not in the axial skeleton? | Tarsal, Femur, Clavicle |
| What bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium? | Sphenoid |
| _____ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage. | Collagenous |
| Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? | Femur |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called: | Myeloid tissue |
| The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the: | Lumbar vertebrae |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are: | Hard and calcified |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the: | Mandible |
| Fibrocartilage can be found in the: | Symphysis Pubis |
| Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the: | Sternum |
| The most common type of cartilage is: | Hyaline |
Created by:
BethPromise99
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