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Anatomy Exam #1
First Day POGIL; Body Orientation/Medical Terminology Notes and POGIL
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomist | a person who studies the structure of a living thing |
| The Structure of a living thing | how all the little things are organized into bigger things |
| Cells | the smallest living structures |
| The Level of organization | Atoms; Molecules; Cells; Tissues; Organs; Organ Systems; Organisms |
| Physiologist | a person who studies functions |
| Tissue | groups of cells that have the same function |
| Organ | groups of tissues that have the same function |
| Average Human Temp. | 98.6 F; 37 C |
| Homeostasis | maintenance of a stable internal environment, necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life |
| Cariology | study of the heart |
| Bradycardia | slow heart rate |
| Myocyte | pertaining to muscle cells |
| pericarditis | inflammation around the heart |
| Pathology | The study of diseases |
| Tachycardia | an irregular, fast heart rate |
| Eponyms | when something is named after another person |
| Neuropathy | disease of the nerves |
| Rhinitis | runny nose |
| phlebitis | vein inflammation |
| nephritis | kidney inflammation |
| orchiectomy | removal of testicles |
| gastritis | stomach inflammation |
| oophorectomy | removal of ovaries |
| Hematoma | pool of blood |
| rhinoplasty | surgery to repair the nose |
| IV | intrvenous |
| DNR | do-not-resuscitate order |
| DOA | dead on arrival |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| ASAP | As soon as possible |
| STAT | urgent |
| ER | emergency room |
| PostOp | post operation |
| WBC | White Blood Cell |
| Anatomy | study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts |
| Physiology | study of how the body and its parts work or function |
| Integumentary System | forms the external body covering, protects deeper tissue from injury, helps regulate body temperature, and location of cutaneous nerve receptors |
| Skeletal System | protects and supports body organs, provides muscle attachment for movement, site of blood cell formation, and stores minerals |
| Muscular System | produces movement, maintains posture, and produces heat |
| Nervous System | fast-acting control system, responds to internal and external change, and activates muscles and glands |
| Endocrine system | secretes regulatory hormones for growth, reproduction, and metabolism |
| Cardiovascular System | transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart, ex: oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes |
| Lymphatic System | returns fluids to blood vessels, cleanses the blood, and involves immunity |
| Respiratory System | Keeps blood supplied with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide |
| Digestive System | Breaks down food, allows for nutrient absorption into blood, and eliminates indigestible material |
| Urinary System | eliminates nitrogenous wastes, maintains acid-base balance, and regulates water and electrolytes |
| Reproductive System | produces offspring |
| Responsiveness | Ability to sense changes and react |
| Digestion | Break-down and absorption of nutrients |
| Metabolism | chemical reactions within the body that produces energy and makes body structures |
| Excretion | eliminates waste from metabolic reactions |
| Nutrients | chemicals for energy and cell building |
| Stimulus | produces change in variable |
| Receptor | responds to changes in the environment (stimuli) and sends information to the control center |
| Control Center | determines set point, analyzes information, and determines appropriate response |
| Effector | provides a means for response to the stimulus |
| Negative Feedback | includes most homeostatic control mechanisms, shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity, works like a household thermostat; ex. thermoregulation and blood sugar regulation |
| Positive Feedback | increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther, in the body this only occurs in blood clotting and during childbirth |
| Superior (cranial or cephalad) | toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body |
| Inferior (caudal) | away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below |
| Ventral (anterior) | toward or at the front of the body; in front of |
| Dorsal (posterior) | toward or at the backside of the body; behind |
| Medial | toward or at the mid-line of the body; on the inner side of |
| Lateral | away from the mid-line of the body; on the outer side |
| Proximal | Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
| Distal | Farther from the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
| Superficial (external) | toward or at the body surface |
| Deep (internal) | away from the body surface; more internal |
| Sagittal Section | divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts |
| Median/Midsagittal section | divides the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts |
| Frontal section | divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts |
| Transverse/Cross Section | divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts |
| Dorsal Body Cavity | made of cranial cavity and spinal cavity |
| Cranial Cavity | houses the brain |
| Spinal Cavity | houses the spinal cord |
| Ventral Body Cavity | made of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity |
| Thoracic Cavity | houses heart, lungs and others |
| Abdominopelvic Cavity | houses digestive system and most urinary system organs |
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Lexi_Short7
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