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Medical Terminology
Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| blast/o | germ or bud |
| chrom/o | color |
| chyl/o | juice |
| myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| phag/o | eat or swallow |
| plas/o | formation |
| reticul/o | a net |
| Hemocytoblasts | the primitive stem cells in the bone marrow that develop into blood cells |
| chromatism | condition of abnormal pigmentation |
| Chyle | pale yellow fluid from the intestine that is carried by the lymphatic system |
| lymphoma | neoplasm of the lymphatic |
| neutrophil | a granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria (phagocytosis) |
| basophil | a granular leukocyte, named for the dark stain of its granules, that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues |
| eosinophil | a granular leukocyte, named for the rose-colored stain of its granules, that increases in allergic and some infectious reactions |
| monocyte | an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection |
| lymphocyte | an agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity |
| spleen | organ between the stomach and the diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by phagocytosis, and provides an environment for lymphocytes to initiate immune responses |
| lacteals | specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream |
| chyle | white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals |
| thoracic duct | receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities |
| antigen | a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the formation of antibodies against it |
| antibody | a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body |
| active immunity | a long-lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies; developed either naturally, in response to an infection, or artificially, in response to the administration of a vaccine |
| passive immunity | a short-lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed either naturally, through the placenta to a fetus, or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies |
| microcytosis | presence of small red blood cells |
| hypochromic | pale in color; lighter in color than normal |
| macrocytosis | presence of large red blood cells |
| anisocytosis | presence of red blood cells of unequal size |
| poikilocytosis | presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells |
| reticulocytosis | an increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood |
| erythropenia | an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells |
| lymphocytopenia | an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes |
| pancytopenia | an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood |
| hemolysis | breakdown of the red blood cell membrane |
| aplastic anemia | a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells |
| iron deficiency anemia | a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin |
| pernicious anemia | a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number |
| hemochromatosis | hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body |
| phlebotomy | incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing |
| venotomy | incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing |
Created by:
HannahLCobb
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