Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Joints
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Joint | Any point where two bones meet, regardless whether or not the bones are movable at this interface |
| Arthrology | Study of joints |
| Kinesiology | Study of musculoskeletal movement |
| Diarthrosis | Freely movable joints |
| Amphiarthrosis | Slightly movable joints |
| Synarthrosis | Joints that exhibit little, if any, movement |
| Bony (synostosis) | Joint that is not joined by any connective tissue (e.x.: the frontal and mandibular bone in infants) |
| Fibrous | Joint that is joined by fibers; sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses joints fall here |
| Cartilaginous | Joint that is joined by cartilage |
| Synovial | Joint that is joined within a pocket of synovial fluid |
| Gomphoses | Fibrous joint that attaches a tooth to its socket; tooth held in place by fibrous peridontal ligament; synarthrosis |
| Syndesmoses | Joint where two bones are bound together by longer collagenous fibers than in a suture or gomphosis; most movable of the fibrous joints (e.x: Tibia to fibula), synarthrosis |
| Synchondroses | Cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage (e.x.: first rib attached to sternum); amphiarthrosis |
| Symphyses | Cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage (e.x.: pubic symphysis); amphiarthrosis |
| Articular cartilage | Hyaline cartilage in the synovial joints that covers the facing surfaces of bones |
| Articular cavity | Cavity in synovial joint that separates aricular syrfaces |
| Synovial fluid | Slippery lubricant of synovial joints, rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid. Nourishes cartilage, removes waste, and reduces friction |
| Articular capsule | Connective fluid in synovial joint that encloses the cavity and retains synovial fluid; has an outer fibrous portion and an inner cell/synovial membrane with macrophages cells that make synovial fluid |
| Articular disk | Pad of fibrocartilage that form a pad between articular bones (e.x.: temporomandibular joint) |
| Menincus | In the knee, two fibrocartilages extend inward from the sides but do not entirely cross joint; absorbs shock and pressure, and improves skeletal structure |
| Bursa | Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid where tendon passes over bone; cushions the muscles |
| Tendon sheets | Elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon |
| Ball and Socket | Synovial joint where smooth, hemispherical head fits in a cuplike socket; only multiaxial joints in the body (e.x.: hip joint) |
| Condylar | Synovial joint that allows for biaxial movement; oval shaped, and allows for extension and flexion |
| Saddle | Synovial joint that allows for oppositional movement (e.x.: touching the thumbs to the fingers) |
| Plane | Synovial joint where one flat bone surface glides over another (e.x.: bones in the wrist) |
| Hinge | Synovial joint that allows for uniaxial movement; only extension and flexion |
| Pivot | Synovial joint that allows for the supination and pronation of the palms |
| Flexion | Movement that decreases the joint angle |
| Extension | Movement that increases the joint angle |
| Hyperextension | Extension of a joint beyond the zero position |
| Abduction | Movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline |
| Adduction | Movement of a body part in the frontal plane to the midline |
| Hyperadduction | Moving a body part across the midline, like crossing fingers |
| Elevation | Movement that raises a body part |
| Depression | Movement that lowers a body part |
| Protraction | Anterior movement across the transverse plane |
| Retraction | Posterior movement across the transverse plane |
| Circumduction | One end of an appendage remains stationary while the other end makes a circular motion |
| Rotation | Movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis; medial turns it inwards while lateral turns it outwards |
| Supination | Forearm movement that turns the palm upwards |
| Pronation | Forearm movement that turns the palm downwards |
| Sprain | A ligament is stretched or torn; heals poorly due to poor vascularization |
| Cartilage injuries | Cartilage tears and remains torn due to avascularization; less stable joint afterwards |
| Dislocation | Bones are forced out of alignment and must be reduced |
| Arthroscopy | Procedure where the interior of the joint is viewed with arthroscope through a small inclusion |
| Meniscus and Anterior Cruciate Ligament | Most common injury sites of the knee |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of bursa |
| Tendonitis | Inflammation of tendon sheaths |
| Arthritis | A broad term for pain and inflammation |
| Rheumatologist | Physician that treats joint disorders |
| Osteoarthritis | Most common arthritis; results from years of joint wear. Accompanied by crackling sounds called crepitus. |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Arthritis due to autoimmune attack; results in ankylosis |
| Ankylosis | Solidly fused, immobile joint |
| Gouty Arthritis (Gout) | Hereditary disease more common in men, where uric acid builds up in the joints and crystallizes in the joints, affecting them |
Created by:
Rylyn27463
Popular Anatomy sets