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Anatomy- Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| red blood cells | transport(O2) from lungs to tissues &(CO2)from tissue to lungs; 1/3 hemoglobin, 2/3 lipids, ATP, carbonic anhydrase |
| white blood cells | cells that protect the body from foreign microbes and toxins |
| Granulocytes | contain numerous granules in the cytoplasm and have a nucleus that is irregularly shaped with lobes (WBC) Neutro, Eosino, Baso |
| Neutrophils | the first WBCs to arrive at a site of infection, responding (by chemotaxis) to chemicals released by damaged cells.engulf bacteria, which are then destroyed by the various antibiotic proteins contained within the granules (granulocyte); 60-70% of WBC |
| Eosinophils | enter tissue during inflammatory response; allergic reactions; destroyhistamines |
| Basophils | inflammation and allergic response (granulocyte) least common |
| Agranulocytes | (WBC) do not have visible granules in the cytoplasm and the nucleus is not lobed (lympho & mono) |
| Lymphocytes | antibody production |
| Platelets | Cell fragments that form platelet plugs and release chems for blood clotting |
| Plasma | liquid portion of the blood; contains water, proteins, waste products, nutrients |
| hematoiesis | the process that produces the formed elements of the blood; takes place in the red bone marrow |
| proethryoblasts | stem cells develop into RBC |
| myeloblasts | stem cells that develop into granulocytes |
| albumin | protein in plasma; viscocity, osmotic pressue |
| globulins | protein in plasma; transport lipids, carbs, etc |
| fibriongen | protein in plasma; blood clotting |
| lymphoblats | stem cells develop into lymphocytes |
| monoblasts | stem cells develop into monocytes |
| megakaryoblasts | stem cells develop into platelets |
| iron | required for oxygen transport |
| erythropotein | hormone stimulates RBC production; produced by kidneys in response to low blood O2 levels |
| chemotaxis | atraction and movement of WBC towards foreign materials or damaged cells; dead WBC + bacteria= pus |
| diapedesis | WBC cells become thin, elongate and move between or thru endothial cells of capillaries |
| monocytes | break down antigens and present them to lymphocytes for recognition |
| hemostasis | arrest of bleeding: vascular spasm, platelets plug, blood clotting |
| platelet plug formation | 1. Von Willebrand factor causes adhesion of collagen and platelets2. ADP, thromboxones, etc cause cascade effectfribrogen forms bridge: platelet plug |
| coagulation | prothrombinase activate-> converted to thrombin-> fibronigen convert to fibrin. clot= fibrin+trapped blood cells, platelets and fluids |
| extrinsic clotting pathway | begins with chems outside blood; damaged tissues release tissue factor; when CA2 is present activates factor X, prothrombinase formed->thrombin->fibrogin to fibrin; thrombin activates factor XII to stabalize clot |
| intrinsic clotting pathway | begins with chems part of blood; |
| fibronylisis | clot retraction |
| blood grouping | determined by antigens on surface of RBCs |
| hemolytic disease of newborn | rh+ fetus, rh- mom; in second pregnancy antibodies caused by 1st pregnancy may attack fetal RBCs |
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