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Exam 8 A & P

Chemistry & Cells

QuestionAnswer
Which passive transport mechanism relies on concentration gradient to move substances across the cell membrane? Diffusion
What type of stem cells are the only ones capable of producing a complete human organism? Totipotent Stem Cells
What is the term for the passive transport process where water moves from an area of higher to lower concentration? Osmosis
Another term for the cell differentiation of stem cells in specific types? Specialization
What is the function of the cytoskeleton? Provide shape, strength and mobility to cells
What is the name for the small, invisible units of energy that make up elements on the periodic table? Atoms
The organs and tissue of the skin and nervous system develop from which of the organized layers of stem cells in the embryo? Ectoderm
What passive transport mechanism uses a hydrostatic pressure gradient for cellular transport? Filtration
A key component of the cytoplasm inside cells is the gel-like medium made up of 75-90% water? Cytosol
Catabolism is best defined as? any chemical process the body uses to break down nutrients or molecules
What type of stem cells can only differentiate into blood, bone marrow, fat, bone, ligament, and muscle cells? Multipotent Stem Cells
What kind of pressure is created when fluid presses against a barrier? Hydrostatic pressure
The organelle formed by two bundles of microtubules that plays an important role in cell division? centrosome
The organic substance that make up all cells in the body are proteins, carbohydrates: Nucleic Acids and Lipids
What cell structure allows the cell to read and respond to its environment? Integral membrane Proteins
What structure in the cell produces the energy molecule ATP? Mitochondria
What type of cellular transportation is it when ATP is used to transport particles against a concentration or pressure gradient? Active Transport
The subatomic particles that make up atoms include: Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
What region of an atom contains the proton and neutrons? Nucleus
By definition, the atomic number of an atom refers to: Number of protons and electrons in Atom
A multistep process involving external and internal factors where mutations occur and change a cells structure.? Carcinogenesis
Regulation of substances entering and leaving the cells; central role in cellular activity Plasma Membrane
Site of all intracellular activities except those occurring in the nucleus; includes cytosol and organelles Cytoplasm
Contains genes, which control cellular structure and direct cellular function. Nucleus
Large complex molecule containing phosphorus, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Two Kinds DNA & RNA Nucleic Acids
Building blocks for proteins amino acids
Building blocks for all cells and tissue, Serve as enzymes, Act as hormones and neurotransmitters Are primary role of what organic component Proteins
These fat molecules are the largest source of stored energy Lipids
Carbohydrates, Lips, Proteins and Nucleic Acids are what type of component of cells and tissues? Organic Component
What are Inorganic components of cells and tissue? Water, Inorganic Salt, Acids and Bases
Compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water Acids
Compounds that release hydroxide ions (OH+) when dissolved in water Bases
These compounds help determine pH balance of the body Acids and Bases
What is neutral on the pH scale 7
pH scale greater than 7 means the body is? Acidic
pH scale less than 7 means the body is/ Alkaline
What organelle modifies and packages made by endoplasmic reticulum? Golgi Apparatus
What Organelle helps move substances across the cell surface/ Cilia
What organelle increases the surface area of the cell? Microvilli
Created by: JML19
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