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Integumentary 2
Integumentary System Part 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hair | Pilus--A slender filament of keratinized cells packed with hard keratin. |
| Hair follicle | Oblique tube in the skin that hair grows out of |
| Lanugo | Fine, downy, unpigmented hair that appears on the fetus in the last 3 months of development |
| Vellus | Fine, pale hair that replaces lanugo by time of birth; 2/3 of female hair, 1/10 of male hair, almost all of child hair |
| Terminal | Longer, coarser, and heavily pigmented hair; eyebrows, eyelashes, scalp hair, axillary and pubic hair, beard |
| Bulb | Swelling at the base where hair originates in the dermis or hypodermis; only living cells here |
| Root | Remainder of hair in follicle |
| Shaft | Portion of hair above the skin surface |
| Dermal Papilla | Bud of vascular connective tissue encased by bulb, provides nutrition |
| Hair Matrix | The hair's growth center; contains mitotically active cells immediately above papilla |
| Medulla | One of the layers of the hair--core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces |
| Cortex | One of the layers of the hair--is the bulk of the hair and consists of several layers of elongated keratinized cells |
| Cuticle (hair) | One of the layers of the hair--composed of multiple layers of very thin scaly cells that overlap each other |
| Epithelial Root Sheath | One of the layers of the follicle--extension of the epidermis and is the source of stem cells for follicle growth |
| Connective Tissue Root Sheath | One of the layers of the follicle--derived from the dermis and is a bit denser; surrounds epithelial root sheath |
| Hair Receptors | Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle that respond to hair movement |
| Piloerector Muscle | Arrector Pili--Bundle of smooth muscle cells that extends from dermal collagen to connective tissue root sheath. Erects hair, causing goose bumps. |
| Texture | Related to the cross-sectional shape of hair |
| Straight Hair | Hair texture that gives a round cross section |
| Wavy Hair | Hair texture that gives an oval cross section |
| Curly Hair | Hair texture that gives a flat cross section |
| Eumelanin | Pigment that causes brown and black hair |
| Pheomelanin | Pigment mainly responsible for red hair |
| Blond Hair | Hair color caused by intermediate amount of pheomelanin and very little eumelanin |
| Grey/White Hair | Hair color caused by lack of melanin and presence of air in medulla |
| Anagen | Hair growth stage |
| Catagen | Hair degeneration stage |
| Telogen | Hair resting stage |
| Alopecia | Thinning of hair or baldness |
| Hirsutism | Excess or undesirable hairiness in areas not usually hairy |
| Sensation | A function of the hair; hair receptors alert the body of touch |
| Insulation | A function of the hair; scalp hair retains the heat of the head, keeping the head warm |
| Protection | A function of the hair; scalp hair protects from sunburn |
| Scent Transmission | A function of the hair; pubic and axillary hair transmit sexual scents |
| Guard hairs | Vibrissae--Guards nostrils and ear canals, preventing foreign particles from entering easily |
| Communication | A function of the hair--eyes and eyebrows can convey mood without the need for words |
| Nails | Clear, hard derivatives of stratum corneum that improve grooming, picking, protection, and a counterforce to enhance sensitivity of fingers |
| Nail Plate | The hard part of the nail |
| Free Edge | Edge of the nail that overhangs the digit |
| Nail Body | Visible attached part of the nail |
| Nail Root | Portion of the nail that extends proximally under overlying skin |
| Nail Fold | Surrounding skin that rises above the nail |
| Nail Groove | Separates the nail fold from the nail plate |
| Nail Bed | Skin underlying the nail plate |
| Hyponychium | Epidermis of the nail bed |
| Nail matrix | Growth zone of thickened stratum basale at the proximal end of the nail |
| Lunule | Opaque white crescent at proximal end of nail due to thickness of matrix |
| Eponychium | Cuticle--narrow zone of dead skin that overhangs the proximal end of the nail |
| Sudoriferous glands | Sweat glands--merocrine and apocrine |
| Merocrine Glands | Simple tubular glands that secrete a watery perspiration to cool the body |
| Myoepithelial cells | Cells in a sweat gland that contract to squeeze perspiration up the duct |
| Apocrine Glands | Uses merocrine mode of secretion despite name--found in groin, anal region, axilla, areola, and the beard, and secretes a scented sweat |
| Bromohidrosis | Disagreeable body odor produced by bacterial action on fatty acids found in apocrine sweat |
| Sweat | A protein-free filtrate of blood plasma produced by deep secretory portion of gland; ions, some wastes, and drugs are excreted, but most of it is water |
| Insensible perspiration | 500 mL/day; no visible wetness of skin |
| Diaphoresis | Sweating with wetness of skin |
| Sebaceous glands | Flask-shaped glands that only secrete the oily sebum |
| Sebum | Oily substance that keeps the skin and hair from becoming dry and brittle; secreted by sebaceous glands |
| Holocrine Gland | Secretion consists of broken-down cells |
| Lanolin | Sheep sebum used in hair care products |
| Mammary Glands | In females, these modified apocrine glands make milk |
| Ceruminous Glands | Makes earwax |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | Most common and least dangerous skin cancer. Forms from cells in stratum basale, and the lesion is a small shiny bump with central depression and beaded edges. |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Forms from cells in stratum spinosum, and has a raised, reddened, scaly appearance that later forms a concave ulcer. Appears on scalp, ears, lower lip, or back of head, and tends to have a good prognosis if caught early |
| Malignant Melanoma | The rarest and deadliest skin cancer. Forms from melanocytes often in a preexisting mole, and while it can be treated if caught early, it metastasizes rapidly, it does not respond to chemotherapy, and is typically fatal. |
| ABCD Rule | Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color, Diameter (>6 mm); used to detect skin cancer |
| Debridement | Removal of eschar |
| Eschar | Burned dead tissue that can be toxic for the body |
| First-degree burn | Burn that involve only the epidermis and is marked by redness, slight edema, and pain. Resolves in a few days. |
| Second-Degree Burn | Burn that involves the epidermis and part of the dermis. Red, tan, or white appearance, very painful with blisters, and may take two weeks to several months to fully heal |
| Third-Degree Burn | Burn that involves the epidermis and the entire dermis; some deeper tissues are destroyed, and skin grafts, fluid replacement, and infection control needed |
| Autograft | Graft that involves tissue taken from another location on the same person's body |
| Split-Skin graft | Graft that involves taking the epidermis and part of the dermis from an undamaged area and grafting it into the burned area |
| Isograft | Graft that involves taking skin from identical twin |
| Homograft | Temporary graft from unrelated person |
| Heterograft | Temporary graft from another species of animal |
Created by:
Rylyn27463
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