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Gov - Test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anti-federalists | Those who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787-1788 |
| Assemble | to gather with one another in order to express views on public matters. |
| Bail | the sum of money that the accused may be required to post (deposit with the court) as a guarantee that he or she will appear in court at the proper time. |
| Bill of Rights | the first ten commandments to the Constitution. |
| Checks and balances | the system of overlapping the powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to permit each branch to check the actions of the others. |
| Constitutionalism | the basic principle that the government and those who govern must obey the law; rule of the law. |
| Double jeopardy | part of the 5th Amendment stating that no person can be put in jeopardy of life or limb twice; once a person has been tried for a crime, he or she cannot be tried again for the same crime. |
| Eminent domain | the power of a government to take private property for public use. |
| Federalists | the persons who supported the ratification of the Constitution in 1787-1788. |
| Grand jury | a formal device by which a person can be accused of a serious crime. |
| Indictment | a formal complaint before a grand jury that charges the accused with one or more crimes. |
| Judicial review | the power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a government action. |
| Limited government | the basic principle of American government, which states that government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has rights that government cannot take away; see constitualism, popular sovereignty. |
| Necessary and proper clause (aka “elastic clause”) | the final clause of Article 1, Section 8 in the constitution, which gives congress the power to make all laws “necessary and proper” for executing its powers. |
| Petition | a citizen’s right to bring his or her view to the attention of public officials by such means as petitions, letters, lobbying, and marches. |
| Popular sovereignty | a government that exists only with the consent of the governed. |
| Rule of law | the concept that the government and its officers are always subject to the law. |
| Search warrant | a court order authorizing a search |
| Separation of powers | the basic principle of the American system of government that the executive, legislative, and judicial powers are divided among three independent and coequal branches of government. |
| Federalism | a system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government and several regional governments like States. |
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Emilylob
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