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Lower limb by heem
Lower limb muscles (origin, insertion, nerve, action) for dummies like me
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Illiacus | O: Iliac fossa, upper 2/3 | I: Lesser trochanter | N: Femoral | A: Flexes thigh (with psoas major) |
| Sartorius | O: Anterior-superior iliac spine | I: Upper medial side of tibia | N: Femoral | A: Flexes and rotates thigh laterally, Flexes and rotates leg medially |
| Rectus femoris (straight and reflected heads) | O: Straight: anterior-inferior iliac spine Reflected: a groove above the acetabulum | I: Base of patella, tibial tuberosity | N: Femoral | A: Flexes thigh, Extends leg |
| Vestus medialis | O: Interochanteric line, linea aspera, medial intermuscular septum | I: Medial side of patella, tibial tuberosity | N: Femoral | A: Extends leg |
| Vestus lateralis | O: Introchanteric line, greater trochanter, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, lateral intermuscular septum | I: Lateral side of patella, tibial tuberosity | N: Femoral | A: Extends leg |
| Vestus intermedius | O: Anterior & lateral surfaces of 2/3 of the femoral shaft | I: Upper border of patella, tibial tuberosity | N: Femoral | A: Extends leg |
| Gracilis | O: Body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus | I: Upper part of medial surface of shaft tibia | N: obturator nerve | A: adduction of the hip joint, medial rotation of hip and Flexes the knee joint |
| Adductor longus | O: Body of pubis just below pubic tubercle | I: Linea aspera (middle 1/3) | N: obturator nerve | A: adduction of the hip joint, lateral rotation of hip and Flexion of hip |
| Adductor brevis | O: Body of pubis just below adductor longus & inferior pubic ramus behind gracilis | I: Linea aspera (upper 1/3) | N: obturator nerve | A: adduction of the hip joint, lateral rotation of hip and Flexion of hip |
| Adductor magnus (adductor part) | O: Ischiopubic ramus | I: Medial to gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line | N: obturator nerve | A: adduction of the hip joint, lateral rotation of hip and Flexion of hip |
| Adductor magnus (ischial part) | O: Ischial tuberosity | I: to adductor tubercle of femur | N: Tibial | A: adduction of the hip joint, medial rotation of hip and Extension of hip |
| Gluteus Maximus | O: -Ilium (behind posterior gluteal line). - Back of sacrum , coccyx & sacrotuberous ligament. | I: - Superficial 3⁄4 (Iliotibial tract) - Deep 1⁄4 (Gluteal tuberosity of femur ) | N: Inferior gluteal nerve | A: Extension and lateral rotation of the hip & Tenses iliotibial tract to keep the knee locked |
| Gluteus Medius | O: Ilium (between posterior & anterior gluteal lines) | I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur | N: Superior gluteal nerve | A: Abduction and medial rotation of the hip & Tilt the pelvis to same side when opposite limb is left off ground |
| Gluteus Minimus | O: Ilium (between anterior & inferior gluteal lines). | I: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur | N: Superior gluteal nerve | A: Abduction and medial rotation of the hip & Tilt the pelvis to same side when opposite limb is left off ground |
| Tensor fascia lata | O: Outer lip of iliac crest (Anterior 5 Cm; from ASIS to tubercle of iliac crest) | I: Iliotibial tract | N: Superior gluteal nerve | A: Abduction and medial rotation of the hip & Tenses iliotibial tract to keep the knee locked & Helps in flexion of hip joint |
| Piriformis | O: Anterior surface of middle 3 pieces of sacrum | I: Top of greater trochanter of femur | N: Ventral rami of sacral nerves 1&2 (+twigs from superior gluteal nerve) | A: lateral rotation of hip joint |
| Obturator internus | O: Inner surface of obturator membrane & adjacent bone | I: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur | N: Nerve to obturator internus | A: lateral rotation of hip joint |
| Superior gemellus | O: Ischial spine | I: blend with the tendon of obturator internus | N: Nerve to obturator internus | A: lateral rotation of hip joint |
| Inferior gemellus | O: Ischial tuberosity | I: blend with the tendon of obturator internus | N: Nerve to Quadratus femoris | A: lateral rotation of hip joint |
| Quadratus femoris | O: Ischial tuberosity (Lateral border) | I: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur & area below it | N: Nerve to Quadratus femoris | A: lateral rotation of hip joint |
| Obturator externus | O: Outer surface of obturator membrane & adjacent bone | I: Fossa of greater trochanter of femur | N: obturator nerve | A: lateral rotation of hip joint |
| Psoas major | O: lumbar spine | I: Lesser trochanter of femur by iliopsoas tendon | N: first 3 lumbar nerves (mainly L2) | A: Flexor of hip joint |
| Pectineus | O: Superior ramus of pubis | I: Pectineal line of femur | N: Femoral | A: Adduction and Flexion of the hip |
| Semitendinosus | O: Ischial tuberosity | I: Medial surface of upper part of tibia | N: Tibial | A: Extends thigh, flexes and rotate leg medially |
| Semimembranosus | O: Ischial tuberosity | I: Medial condyle of tibial (back) | N: Tibial | A: Extends thigh, flexes and rotate leg medially |
| Biceps femoris long head | O: Ischial tuberosity | I: Head of fibula | N: Tibial and common peroneal | A: Extends thigh, flexes and rotates leg laterally |
| Biceps femoris short head | O: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line | I: Head of fibula | N: Divisions of sciatic nerve | A: Extends thigh, flexes and rotates leg laterally |
| Tibialis anterior (TA) | O: Upper 2/3 of lateral surface of shaft of tibia & adjacent interosseous membrane | I: Medial cuneiform bone and adjoining part of the base of 1st metatarsal bone | N: deep fibular nerve | A: Inversion of the foot. Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot |
| Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) | O: Upper 3/4 of anterior surface of fibula & adjacent interosseous membrane | I: Extensor expansions of lateral 4 toes, inserts into bases of middle& distal phalanges | N: deep fibular nerve | A: Extension of all joints of lateral 4 fingers |
| Extensor hallucis longus (EHL) | O: Middle 2/4 of anterior surface of fibula & adjacent interosseous membrane | I: Base of distal pharynx of big toe | N: deep fibular nerve | A: Extension of all joints of the big toe |
| Fibularis (peroneus) tertius (FT) | O: Lower 1/4 of anterior surface of fibula & adjacent interosseous membrane | I: Base of 5th metatarsal bone | N: deep fibular nerve | A: Eversion of the foot |
| Peroneus (fibularis) longus | O: Head, upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula | I: Base of metatarsal, medial cuneiform | N: Superficial peroneal (fibular) | A: Everts and plantar flexes foot |
| Peroneus (fibularis) brevis | O: Lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula | I: Tubercle at the base of fifth metatarsal | N: Superficial peroneal (fibular) | A: Everts and plantar flexes foot |
| Gastrocnemius | O: Lateral (lateral head) and medial (medial head) femoral condyles | I: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus | N: Tibial | A: Flexes knee, plantar flexes foot |
| Soleus | O: Upper fibula head, soleal line on tibia | I: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus | N: Tibial | A: Plantar flexes foot |
| Plantaris | O: Lower lateral supracondyle line | I: Tendo calcaneus | N: Tibial | A: Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot |
| Popliteus | O: Lateral condyle of femur (popliteal groove) | I: Upper posterior surface of tibia above soleal line | N: Tibial | A: Flexes by unlocking knee and rotates leg medially |
| Flexor hallucis longus | O: Lower 2/3 of fibula, interosseous membrane | I: Base of distal phalanx of big toe | N: Tibial | A: Plantar flexes foot, flexes distal phalanx of big toe |
| Flexor digitorum longus | O: Middle posterior aspect of tibia below soleal line | I: Distal phalanges of lateral four toes | N: Tibial | A: Flexes later al four toes, plantar flexes foot |
| Tibialis posterior | O: Interosseous membran, upper parts of tibia and fibula below the origin of soleus | I: Tuberosity of navicular, sustentacula tali, three cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of metatarsals 2-4 | N: Tibial | A: Plantar flexes and inverts foot |
Created by:
MeanHeem
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