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Ch. 5 Integumentary
Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thickness of the epidermis that is exposed to friction is an example of what kind of homeostasis feedback? | negative feedback |
| Skin is the building block of what vitamin? | vitamin D; it goes to the liver to be modified; then goes to the kidney and becomes active vitamin D |
| Skin synthesize what? | vitamin D needed for calcium absorption in intestines. |
| The synthesizing of vitamin D from the skin is what type of skin funtion? | metabolic skin function |
| What does the skin need in order to absorb calcium ion? | vitamin D |
| What is calcium important for? | important for blood clot, cell division and meiosis, and bones |
| What happens to the dermal blood vessels during cold extreme environment? | blood vessels constrict and skin temp. drop to slow passive heat loss; light skinned people exposed to cold air make them appear pale. |
| What happens to dermal blood vessels when temp. rises? | dilation of dermal blood vessels can increase sweat glands activity to produce up to 3 gallons of sweat; the person will look pink. |
| What is sensible perspiration and what is it designed for? | perspiration is when the body temperature rises and dilation of dermal vessels increase sweat glands activity. This is designed to cool the body. |
| The chemical barrier of the skin secretes what chemicals? | sweat-which contains antimicrobial proteins; sebum and defensins- which kill bacteria. Cells also secrete antimicrobial defensin. |
| What is epidermis? | is the superficial region; composed of epithelial tissue and is avascular; composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
| What is keratin? | a tough protein that protects. |
| What is dermis? | underlies the epidermis; making up the bulk of the skin, is a tough leathery layer composed mostly of dense irregular CT, highly vascular, strong but flexible. |
| What is hypodermis? | superficial fascia subcutaneous tissue just deep to the skin; consists of adipose plus some areolar CT. |
| I am not part of the skin but share some of the same function; I anchor skin to the underlying structures; and I am a great shock absorbent because of my layers of adipose fat tissue (fascia) | hypodermis |
| What cells can be found in the dermis? | fibroblast, mast cells (heparin, histamine proteases), and macrophages |
| What are fibroblasts? | found in CT proper; primary producers of the major ECM components in CT (protein fibers) |
| What are mast cells? | cells that initiate local inflammatory response against foreign microorganisms they detect. |
| What are heparin? | anticoagulant chemicals that prevent blood clotting when free in bloodstream |
| What are histamine? | substances that makes capillaries leaky |
| What are proteases? | protein-degrading enzymes |
| What are macrophages? | are phagocytic cells that "eat" dead cells, microorganisms; functions in immune system |
| Extreme scratching of skin can cause what? | dermal tears, leaving silvery white scars called striate, also known as stretch marks. |
| What is the papillary layer? | thin, superficial; is areolar CT in which fine interlacing collagen and elastic fibers from a loosely woven mat that is heavily invested with small blood vessels. |
| What are friction ridges? | in thick skin, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, these papillae lie atop larger mounds celled dermal ridges, which in turn cause the overlying epidermis to form epidermal ridges. |
| What causes fingerprints? | friction ridges and sweat pores; germitically determined |
| What is the reticular layer? | makes up 80% of the thickness of the dermis, is coarse, dense irregular CT |
Created by:
selingarza2022
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