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Muscle tissue
BIO 168
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skeletal muscle function | - Produces skeletal movement - Maintain posture - Support of soft tissues - Guard entrances and exits sphincters - Temperature maintenance in homeostasis - Nutrient storage |
| Endomysium | Surrounds muscle cells |
| Perimysium | Surrounds fascicles |
| Epimysium | Surrounds muscle |
| Tendons and aponeuroses | At the end of the muscle, collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium come together to form a bundle |
| Tendons and aponeuroses function | To attach skeletal muscle to bone and they extend into the bone matrix |
| The connective tissue of the endomysium and perimysium contain... | the blood vessels and nerves that supply the muscle fiber (delivers only necessary oxygen and nutrients) |
| Neuromuscular junction | - Axon terminals - Come into close proximity to the sarcolemma - Have vesicles that contain acetylcholine (Ach) - Synaptic cleft - a small gap that separates the axon from the sarcolemma |
| Contraction of skeletal muscle | 1. Nerve signal arrives at the axon terminal 2. The synaptic vesicles release Ach 3. Ach binds to receptors on the sarcolemma 4. The SR releases Ca 5. Calcium from the SR causes the filaments to slide past one another |
| Muscle cell fiber structure | - 1 mm diameter and up 12 inches - Myoblast -Sarcolemma -Sarcoplasm - Transverse tubules |
| Myoblast | Fuse to form mature muscle fiber cells and satellite cells |
| Sarcolemma | Membrane |
| Sarcoplasm | Cytoplasm |
| Transverse tubules | Connect with sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Myofibrils and sarcomeres | - Myofibrils run the length of the muscle fiber composed of numerous sarcomeres - Extends between Z lines - Contains two types of protein filaments (thick and thin filaments) |
| I band | Contains only thin filaments |
| A band | In the center of the sarcomere contains thick and thin filaments |
| H zone | In the center of the A band has only myosin filaments |
| Thick filaments | - Made of myosin - Myosin is anchored by titin filaments |
| Thin filaments | - Made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin - Two strands of actin - Double strands of tropomyosin coil of each actin strand - Troponin occurs at intervals on the tropomyosin strand |
| Sliding filaments | - Occurs when sarcomeres shorten (during muscle contraction) - Actin filaments slide past the myosin filaments - Thick and thin filaments remain the same length |
| Role of actin and myosin | - Myosin binding sites on actin molecules - Covered by tropomyosin when muscle is relaxed - Released calcium combines with troponin and myosin binding sites are exposed - Cross-bridges of myosin have two binding sites (ATP and actin) |
| Energy for muscle contraction | - ATP present before strenuous exercise only lasts a few seconds |
| Muscle acquire new ATP in three ways | 1. Creatine phosphate breakdown 2. Cellular respiration 3. Fermentation |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | Terminal cisternae and will store calcium ions (sarcomeres contractile units of myofibrils bounded by Z lines) |
| Motor units | Motor neuron with all muscle cells innervated by it |
| Neurotransmitter | Stored in synaptic vesicles, released by exocytosis |
| Neuromuscular junction | - Axon terminals - Come into close proximity to the sarcolemma - Have vesicles that contain acetylcholine (Ach) - Synaptic cleft - a small gap that separates the axon from the sarcolemma |
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