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Survey Unit 1
Unit 1 terms from study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Totalitarianism | A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens. |
| Authoritarian | A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power. |
| natural rights | Life, Liberty, and Property |
| failed state | A state so weak that its political structures collapse, leading to anarchy and violence |
| Direct Democracy | -The power of the government is controlled directly by the people -Everyone votes on every issue |
| Representative Democracy | People vote for representatives who then make and enforce laws |
| Oligarchy | -A government ruled by a few powerful people -When a family or small group of people control all of gov'ts power -The group gets their power from either military, wealth, or social status. -Elections may be held but offer only one candidate |
| Theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders (A type of oligarchy) |
| Monarchy | A government ruled by a king or queen, they have total power over the government (absolute monarchy) |
| Autocracy | -Government in which the power to govern is held by one person -Generally the power to rule is inherited or by military force -Dictatorships and absolute monarchies are types of autocracy |
| Dictatorship | A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) and their power is kept by force |
| Republic | A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws. |
| Social Contract Theory | A voluntary agreement between the government and the governed which limits some of your freedoms but you will gain protection in return |
| What are the two forms of representative democracy? | Parliamentary and presidential |
| Parliamentary Democracy | -Form of government in which people vote for the legislative body, which in turn selects the prime minister -Legislators and leaders are from same party |
| Presidential | -a system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature and is elected by the people -There is a president -Not as common -Leaders and legislators can be from different parties |
| Federalism | A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments |
| Confederacy | A loose union of independent states, most decisions are made by local gov |
| unitary system | all power is held by the central government and state power is not protected |
| Swaziland's government | It's the last absolute monarchy |
| Who is the king of Swaziland? | King Mswati |
| How is Swaziland's gov. structured? | The king appoints the cabinet, prime minister, etc. The gov. can give him advice but he makes all the decisions |
| Why do people think the monarchy should stay in place? | for the culture because its a home brewed democracy, and for non-political events |
| How is Swaziland different from other African nations? | They pay high taxes, but get nothing in return because it goes to the king They also avoid civil war |
| How does the King communicate with the people? | He calls the people to come and discuss with him because he wants to make decisions that they are apart of too. |
| State of nature | every man and woman is completely equal and has complete freedom of action |
| consent of the governed | an agreement made by the people to establish a government and abide by its laws, when a rule has majority vote |
| Popular Sovereignty | A belief that ultimate power resides in the people. |
| Hobbes | - believes in the protection of the state or government and w/o we will go to war with each other -people will give up rights and power in exchange for protection -people can't break the contract |
| Locke | -can live life w/o government could be possible, more concerned about the protection of natural rights -social contract protects our natural rights, government is only valid if it is based on a social contract with citizens and can be broken |
| Rosseau | -agrees w Hobbes but believes people will not go to war as often in a state of nature -only the consent of the governs and a social contract could create a government that is better for the people |
| market economy | - values competition and hard work - price of goods and services and quantity of goods and services produced are determined by the marketplace - government should avoid economy - risks taken in search of profits - business's can be started |
| Traditional Economy | - value cooperation and sharing the work - unity among individuals - allocation of resources is made on the basis of inheritance -government will not be necessary - permits people to enjoy more independence against minimum or no financial expenses |
| mixed market economy | - public and private ownership means of production - quantity of goods and services are determined by the government and marketplace - government plays an active role to insure economic strength and social justice - the economic system of most nations |
| command economy | - public ownership of the means of production - price of good and services are determined by gov. - type of goods and services produced determined by gov - gov ownership of all business - business operates for the benefit of the people |
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lfhs23
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