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Anatomy Lecture 1 Ex
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomy | what is it |
| physiology | what it does |
| homeostasis | the ability of a living system to maintain stable internal condition no matter what is occurring outside of the body |
| anatomical position | person standing erect with feet together on the floor facing forward, eyes facing forward, and palms out with thumbs pointing away from body |
| frontal plane | divides body into anterior/posterior sections |
| sagittal plane | divides into left and right sides |
| transverse | divides into superior and inferior sections |
| dorsal cavity | 1. Cranial cavity 2. Vertebral cavity |
| ventral cavity | 1. Thoracic cavity 2. Abdominal cavity/Abdominalpelvic cavity |
| cephalic region | head |
| cervical region | neck |
| thoracic region | chest |
| abdominal region | abdomen |
| pelvic region | pelvis |
| what does the cranial cavity contain? | brain |
| what does the thoracic cavity contain? | heart, lungs, trachea |
| what does the pericardial cavity contain? | heart |
| what do the pleural cavities contain? | lungs |
| what does the abdominal cavity contain? | stomach, small and large intestine, liver, spleen, kidneys |
| what does the pelvic cavity contain? | colon, rectum, bladder, uterus, ovaries |
| intracellular fluid | fluid within the cell |
| extracellular fluid | fluid outside and between cells |
| interstitial fluid | fluid found in spaces around cells |
| lymph | a collection of extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues |
| exocytosis | substance moving out of the cell |
| endocytosis | substance moving into the cell. 2 types |
| phagocytosis | if the substance coming into the cell is a particle, it is called phagocytosis. eat bacteria. Patrick star. |
| pinocytosis | if the substance coming into the cell is dissolved in the extracellur fluid, it is called pinocytosis (cell drinking) |
| passive diffusion | no energy required, high to low concentration. 2 types |
| simple | no energy required. substances is dissolved in the extracellular fluid. high to low |
| facilitated | passive transport but uses the help of integral proteins |
| active | requires energy, from low to high concentration |
| bulk transport | moves large materials into cell, active transport, low to high |
| osmosis | diffusion of water |
| hypotonic | low concentration of electrolytes, allows water to rush into cell |
| hypertonic | high concentration of electrolytes, allows water to rush out of cells |
| isotonic | increases fluid volume, doesn’t effect the cell |
| epithelial tissue function | protection, secretion, absorption, diffusion, filtration, sensory diffusion |
| EP tissue characteristics | packed with cells, not much blood/no blood supply, usually found with connective tissue |
| connective tissue function | protect and support organs, resilient, resist force |
| connective tissue characteristics | composed of extracellular matrix (anything besides cells), E.M. composed of ground substance and fibers, has its own blood supply |
| major functions of blood | Transportation - oxygen, minerals, etc. Regulation - ph and temp Protection - immune response |
| 3 major plasma proteins and functions | Albumin - keeps water in blood vessels and contributes to blood pressure Globulin - has antibodies and proteins that transport lipids, iron, and copper Fibrogin - involved in the chemical reaction for blood clotting |
| neutrophils | 60-70% destroy bacteria, ingest forge in material, and remove dead cells - phagocyte |
| lymphocytes | 20-25% most important cell in the immune system, fight infectious organisms |
| monocytes | 3-8% phagocyte |
| Eosinophils | 2-4% help end allergic reactions and fight parasitic infections |
| basophils | 0.5-1% inflammation medication and allergic reactions |
| platelets | thrombocytes functioning in blood clotting they are pieces of megakarocytes formed in red bone marrow |
| inguementary system function | protection, body temp regulation, excretion, production of vitamin D, and sensory reception |
| sebaceous gland (oil) function | moistens hair, waterproofs, and softens skin, inhibits bacterial growth |
| suboriferous gland (sweat) | temperature regulation and emotional sweating |
| nails | assist with grasping and manipulating, enhance touch, protect finger tips, scratching |
| spongy bone | bone marrow house, inner bone, very spacious, supports bone marrow blood cell production |
| compact bone | casing, hard bone, protects spongy bone, on the outside of bones. protection, structural strength |
| bone formation types | Intramembranous ossification and Endochondral ossification |
| Intramembranous ossification | bone forms directly (skull, facial, and jaw bones, clavicle) |
| Endochondral ossification | bone replaces cartilage (all other bones, from the base of the skull/clavicle down) |
| bone growth types | interstitial growth and appositional growth |
| Interstitial growth (cartilage) | new material is added from within (inside) grow in length |
| Appositional growth | new material is added on the surface grow in thickness |
| bone remodeling | resorption and deposition |
| resorption | osteoclasts eat bone tissue to release minerals |
| deposition | osteoblasts build new matrix |
| what effects remodeling? | vitamins and minerals hormones: growth hormone, thyroid hormones, insulin, and sex hormones exercise: weight bearing exercise increases bone mass |
| Steps to repair a bone fracture | 1. Hematoma formation 2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation 3. Bony callus formation 4. Bone remodeling |
| serous membrane | a smooth tissue membrane that lines organs and walls of body cavities |
| visceral membrane | a smooth tissue membrane that lines the outside of organs. inner most layer of the serous membrane. |
| parietal | a smooth tissue membrane that lines the wall of the body cavity. outermost layer of the serous membrane. |
Created by:
kpatton1
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