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A&P ch1 OPENSTAX
Anatomy&Physiology Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| c.regional anatomy | Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot? |
| a.microscopic anatomy | |
| b.muscle anatomy | |
| c.regional anatomy | |
| d.systemic anatomy | |
| a.exercise physiologist | A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n) ________. |
| a.exercise physiologist | |
| b.microscopic anatomist | |
| c.regional physiologist | |
| d.systemic anatomist | |
| health career, promote heath, respond to health | Name at least three reasons to study anatomy and physiology. |
| anatomy | science that studies the form and composition of the body's structures |
| gross anatomy | study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy |
| homeostasis | steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain |
| microscopic anatomy | study of very small structures of the body using magnification |
| physiology | science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body's functions |
| regional anatomy | study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions |
| systemic anatomy | systemic anatomy |
| a.cell | The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is a(n) ________. |
| a.cell | |
| b.molecule | |
| c.organ | |
| d.tissue | |
| a.organ | A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________. |
| a.organ | |
| b.organelle | |
| c.organism | |
| d.organ system | |
| d.skeletal system | The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________. |
| a.cardiovascular system | |
| b.endocrine system | |
| c.muscular system | |
| d.skeletal system | |
| Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism | Name the six levels of organization of the human body. |
| cell | smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles |
| organ | functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function |
| organism | living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life |
| tissue | group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function |
| d.sum of all chemical reactions in an organism | Metabolism can be defined as the ________. |
| A. adjustment by an organism to external or internal change | |
| B. process whereby all unspecialized cells become specialized to perform distinct functions | |
| C. process whereby new cells are formed to replace worn-out cells | |
| D.sum of all chemical reactions in an organism | |
| c.stores energy for use by body cells | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________. |
| A.is the result of catabolism | |
| B.release energy in uncontrolled bursts | |
| C.stores energy for use by body cells | |
| D.All of the above | |
| a.differentiation | Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________. |
| A differentiation | |
| B reproduction | |
| C responsiveness | |
| D both reproduction and responsiveness | |
| anabolism | assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules |
| catabolism | breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules |
| development | changes an organism goes through during its life |
| differentiation | process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function |
| growth | process of increasing in size |
| metabolism | sum of all of the body's chemical reactions |
| renewal | process by which worn-out cells are replaced |
| reproduction | process by which new organisms are generated |
| responsiveness | ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions |
| oxygen | Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________. |
| food | |
| nitrogen | |
| oxygen | |
| water | |
| A.all classes of nutrients are essential to human survival | Which of the following statements about nutrients is true? |
| A All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival. | |
| B Because the body cannot store any micronutrients, they need to be consumed nearly every day. | |
| C Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are micronutrients. | |
| D Macronutrients are vitamins and minerals. | |
| c.breaking down stored energy | C.J. is stuck in her car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Her body responds to the cold by ________. |
| A increasing the blood to her hands and feet | |
| B becoming lethargic to conserve heat | |
| C breaking down stored energy | |
| D significantly increasing blood oxygen levels | |
| nutrient | chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival |
| pressure | force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance |
| a.a control center | After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________. |
| A.a control center | |
| B.a set point | |
| C.effectors | |
| D.sensors | |
| c.sweat glands to increase their output | Stimulation of the heat-loss (get rid of) center causes ________. |
| A. blood vessels in the skin to constrict | |
| B. breathing to become slow and shallow | |
| C. sweat glands to increase their output | |
| D. All of the above | |
| b.childbirth | Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop? |
| A. blood pressure regulation | |
| B. childbirth | |
| C. regulation of fluid balance | |
| D. temperature regulation | |
| control center | compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector |
| effector | organ that can cause a change in a value |
| negative feedback | homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body's physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed |
| normal range | range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center |
| positive feedback | mechanism that intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition in response to a stimulus |
| sensor | (also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center |
| set point | ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis |
Created by:
Sofsor12
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