Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Everything bout Bone
Bone markings, long and flat bone structures, and other identifying
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fossa | shallow depression |
| tuberosity | rough projection |
| tubercle | small, rounded projection |
| sinus | chamber within a bone |
| foramen | rounded passageway for blood vessels and nerves |
| fissure | deep furrow, cleft, or slit |
| ramus | forms an angle with the rest of the structure |
| canal/meatus | passage, channel, or duct |
| head | expanded articular end of an epiphysis often separated from the shaft by a narrower neck |
| neck | narrow connection between the epiphysis and diaphysis |
| condyle | smooth, rounded articular process |
| diaphysis | long part of the long bone; heavy wall of compact bone |
| epiphysis | wide part at each end of long bone; mostly spongy (cancellous) |
| flat bone | resembles a spongy bone between 2 layers of compact bone |
| matrix of bone | deposits of calcium salts, osteocytes within lacunae organized around blood vessels and collagen fibers |
| canaliculi | form pathways for blood vessels; exchange nutrients and wastes |
| periosteum | covers outer surfaces of bones; made up of an outer fibrous layer and inner cellular layer |
| math of bone matrix | 2/3 hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate), 1/3 collagen |
| bone cells | osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor, osteoclasts |
| osteoprogenitor | cells that divide to produce osteoblasts |
| osteoblasts | immature bone cells that secrete matrix compounds in a process called osteogenesis |
| Osteoid | matrix produced by osteoblasts but not yet calcified to form bone |
| Osteoclasts | bone chewers; breaks down bones to release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream |
| osteocyte | mature bone cell; connect through canaliculi |
| osteoporosis | bone resorption outpaces bone deposit |
| osteomalacia | osteoid is produced but calcium salts not deposited |
| red bone marrow | has blood vessels |
| yellow bone marrow | adipose tissue serves as energy reserve |
| osteon | basic unit of compact bone; consists of canals and lamellae |
| endochondral ossification | bone replaces existing cartilage |
| intramembranous ossification | bone develops directly from mesenchyme |
| appositional growth | increases diameter of bone |
| osteopenia | reduced bone mass |
| estrogen and androgen | hormones that help maintain bone mass |
| increasing calcium ion levels in blood | parathyroid hormone increases osteoclast activity, increase intestinal absorption via calcitriol, and decrease calcium excretion at kidneys |
| decreasing calcium ion levels in blood | calcitonin decreases osteoclast activity, decrease intestinal absorption of calcium, increase calcium excretion at kidneys |
| long bone | longer than it is wide; long = Limbs. cLavicLe |
| short bone | as wide as they are long; short = sprain (wrists & ankles) |
| flat bone | thin with parallel surfaces; fort (rib cage and skull) |
| sesamoid bone | small and flat; sesame seed, pea shape (pisiform & patella) |
| irregular bones | complex shape, not like the others; I-shape of the body (hip, spine, skull, and ear) |
| sultural bone | small irregular bones found between flat bones of skull |
| vitamins required for normal bone growth | vitamins A, C, and D |
Created by:
bsauveur
Popular Anatomy sets