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BOC studying 4
Treatment and Rehabilitation part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does ' extension lag' mean? | The inability to fully extend the knee |
| What is the best method of determining the recovery status of the hand and forearm after a flexor injury? | Use of a hand dynamometer |
| What is the correct sequence of tissue healing? | Cellular response, regeneration, remodeling |
| What amount of time may it take for complete remodeling of tissues to occur after a soft tissue injury? | up to 1 year |
| Where is the primary location for adenosine triphosphate production in skeletal muscle? | Sarcomere |
| Sensory receptors located at the musculotendinous junction, which monitor active tension generated by the muscle during a contraction are called: | Golgi tendon organs |
| What describes a neurapraxia? | Demyelination of the axon sheath that leads to a conduction block. Usually heals in approximately 1 to 2 weeks |
| Bone grows via a process of apposition and resorption on its surface. What cells are responsible for the resorption of bone during its growth or repair? | Osteoclasts |
| Why is the repair response so limited in the articular cartilage of a joint after an injury in the adult athlete? | Articular cartilage cells do not undergo mitosis in the mature athlete |
| What are the 4 sensations an athlete will experience with the application of cryotherapy? | Cold, burning, aching, numbness |
| The effects of treating a subacute musculoskeletal injury with warm whirlpool | Analgesia stimulation of local circulation decreased muscle spasm decreased joint stiffness |
| What cells are active after an injury to begin building collagen? | Fibroblasts |
| Heat is dissipated in the body by | Convection the lungs sweat evaporation vasodilation |
| External muscular force available for useful work is the result of | The velocity of muscular shortening the angle of the pull of the muscle the length of the muscle |
| Balance and coordination are critical for athletic performance. Feedback from the muscles as to what they are doing during a particular activity is known as _. The area of the brain that assists in controlling movement is _. | Proprioception, cerebellum |
| What is a stretching exercise that consists of a 'stretch and hold' position called? | Static stretch |
| If hyperventilation does not adequately increase the oxygen supply in the blood during aerobic exercise, what must occur to meet the gas exchange demands? | Increased cardiac output |
| An injured athlete is led through a therapeutic mental process in which he pictures himself being evaluated by the athletic trainer. He then pictures himself moving through rehabilitation... What is this therapeutic approach called? | Visualization |
| What must the athletic trainer establish with the athlete prior to and during the rehabilitation in order for the rehabilitation of and injured athlete to be successful? | A good rapport |
| A basketball player has sprained her ankle for the 2nd time in 3 months. She is demanding and wants to know why the AT 'did not fix her ankle the right way the first time' She is threatening and attention seeking. What should the AT do | Set specific but reasonable time limits with the athlete per treatment session so the athletic trainer is not overtaxed |
| If an athlete need to lose weight for health reasons, how many calories must his or her diet be reduced by in order to lose 1 to 2 pounds per week? | 500-1000 cal/day |
| What modality would be best utilized if the desired therapeutic effect is decreased pain, edema, and inflammation? | Ice packs |
| What are heat producing currents in the body that are formed by a magnetic field that is externally applied in short-wave diathermy called? | Eddy currents |
| High voltage pulsed monophasic generators deliver current to deep tissues without damaging superficial tissues and are used for pain modulation. What type of waveform is used with this type of stimulation? | Monophasic spike delivered in pairs |
| A moist heat pack causes what effects | Higher superficial tissue temperatures sedation reduction of muscle spasms vasodilation |
| What physiological effects occur under the cathode of an electrical stimulation? | Vasodilation tissue softening irritation |
| Contraindications for using cryotherapy | Raynaud's phenomenon vasculitis cold urticaria |
| What would be a functional skill for a patient in an ankle rehabilitation program? | Single-leg hop |
| When rehabilitating a musculoskeletal injury, what is the proper progression of treatment? | Range of motion, strength endurance proprioception |
| A PNF technique | Slow-reversal-hold-relax |
| During a lower extremity D1 flexion PNF pattern, what movements are taking place at the hip? | Flexion adduction external rotation |
| During a D2 extension pattern of the upper extremity, what is the proper timing sequence? | Shoulder extension, forearm pronation finger flexion |
| According to Maitland's 5 grades of joint motion, which grade would be most appropriate when joint movement is limited by pain and spasm? | 1 |
| A patient is seen by the athletic trainer 4 weeks post-op after shoulder arthroscopy. During the AT's assessment, it is found they have limited abduction secondary to capsular stiffness. What joint glide would be appropriate to improve this motion? | Inferior humeral glide |
| What statement accurately describes isokinetic training? | Generation of a muscular force with visible joint movement that occurs at a constant speed but with variable external resistance |
| What massage technique is a method of tapotement? | Cupping hacking pinching |
| When massage is used to induce a sedative effect, what type of massage technique is indicated? | Effleurage |
| What conditioning component is needed to perceive the position of the foot as it lands on the ground after the swing phase of gait? | Proprioception |
| Descending hills during running requires what type of muscular contraction by the quadriceps to decelerate the body? | Eccentric |
| What should a postseason conditioning program specifically focus on? | Identifying and improving the areas of conditioning in which the athlete is deficient |
| During the acute phase of an ankle injury, the water temperature of a whirlpool should be set at what temperature? | 55 - 65 degrees F |
| Before returning an athlete to full activity, all of the following criteria should equal those taken from the uninvolved side at the end of the rehabilitation program: | Strength of each muscle group proprioception of both extremities flexibility of the involved muscle groups |
| What component of a rehabilitation program is most often overlooked by the athletic trainer during rehabilitation? | Proprioception |
| What type of exercises may be safely initiated immediately after knee surgery? | Isometric exercises |
| When rehabilitating a patient who has been diagnosed with 'jumpers knee', what muscle group should eventually be strengthened? | Quadriceps |
| When treating an athlete with trochanteric bursitis, flexibility should be increased in what muscle? | Tensor fasciae latae |
| A tight Achilles tendon can cause _ or _ in order to allow the lower leg to move over the foot during running | Early heel-off, excessive pronation |
| What are factors in designing an appropriate treatment program? | The stage of tissue healing, Pain with joint motion The severity of the injury |
| When rehabilitating a cervical strain, what must the athletic trainer maintain the integrity of? | Shoulder girdle |
| What is the appropriate sequence of steps in rehabilitating a grade 2 ankle sprain? | RICE, stretching the Achilles Tendon, isometric exercises, proprioceptive exercises, isotonic exercises |
| When is the best time to begin a rehabilitation protocol? | Immediately |
| When following DAPRE technique of progressive resistive exercise, the first set of 10 repetitions is performed with a weight that is _ of the weight that will be lifted in set 3. | 50% |
| When rehabilitating a patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome, which muscle group should be strengthened? | Hip adductors, quadriceps |
| What exercises are appropriate in attempting to decrease the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome? | Stretching the anterior chest wall, strengthening the posterior midthoracic area |
| What are the most appropriate exercises for a diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis? | Williams' flexion exercises |
| What exercise does not address proprioception? | Recumbent stationary bicycling |
| What exercises do address proprioception? | Mini-trampoline exercises stork-standing exercises with eyes open treadmill exercises |
| When rehabilitating a shoulder, what area should strengthening exercises be initiated first? | Scapular musculature |
| When rehabilitating a patient who has undergone an ACL reconstruction, what muscle groups must be strengthened to support the graft? | Hamstrings |
| What equipment is not closed kinetic chain? | Isokinetic knee extension machine |
| What equipment is closed kinetic chain? | Treadmill leg-press machine upper body ergometer BAPS board |
| When rehabilitating the lateral epicondylitis, what muscle group needs to be strengthened? | Wrist extensors |
| When rehabilitating a patient with a recent herniated lumbar disc, what exercise is most appropriate? | Mckenzie extension exercises |
| A patient needs instructions on how to properly perform and abdominal sit-up. What should the athletic trainer recommend? | Cross his arms across his chest, tuck in his chin, bend his knees, inhale, and then exhale as he pulls his torso up toward his knees |
| Knee braces can be classified as either functional, prophylactic, or rehabilitative. Which type of brace might be worn for 1 - 2 weeks after a grade 2 MCL tear? | Rehabilitative |
| In terms of specificity of training, which type of exercise would be appropriate during the late phases of rehabilitation of a soccer player? | Treadmill exercise |
| What condition is not indicated for mechanical traction? | An acute interspinous sprain |
| Which muscle groups are involved during a bench press? | Anterior deltoid triceps pectoralis major latissimus dorsi |
| What muscle groups are involved during a full squat with weight? | Quadriceps hamstrings erector spinae gluteus maximus |
| What muscles are involved in a seated military press? | Trapezius pectoralis major serratus anterior posterior deltoid |
| What describes a grade 3 joint mobilization technique? | Large amplitude movement throughout the full available range of motion of the joint |
| What rehabilitating a patient, it is important that the area being rehabilitated is stressed with a variety of intensities and durations during conditioning. The body responds to these stresses known as what principle? | The SAID principle |
| What is an isotonic devise? | Free weights a total gym a squat rack wall pulleys |
| When stretching during a warm-up routine, what type of stretching should not be encouraged because it could lead to injury? | Ballistic |
| In what sport would plyometric training be beneficial? | Volleyball |
| What exercise improves proprioceptive feedback when rehabilitating a lower extremity injury? | Single-leg standing on a mini trampoline |
| An athlete is recovering from a partial meniscectomy performed 5 days ago. What would be appropriate actions at this time? | Achilles stretching, four quadrant straight leg raises stationary bicycling with minimal/no resistance hip flexor strengthening |
| What exercises should be avoided in the early stages (phase1) of ACL reconstruction? | Full knee extension exercises |
| Two exercises that are designs to stabilize the lumbar spine during low back rehabilitation include _ and _ | Partial sit-ups, active trunk extension in prone |
| An athletic trainer working in a sports medicine clinic may have to read a SOAP note. In what section would a finding such as a positive Lachman's test be recorded? | O - objective |
| Bracing for scoliosis of the spine may be effective with all ages but | 18 year olds |
| Ultrasound is based on the _ effect | Reverse piezoelectric |
| What medium does not transmit ultrasound waves? | air |
| What kind of heating method does a warm whirlpool utilize? | Convection |
| What is the term used in ultrasound to describe the time that sound waves are being emitted during one pulse period? | Duty cycle |
| A moist heat pack offers what type of thermotherapy? | Superficial |
| Conventional TENS uses a frequency in the _ pluses per second range with a phase duration of _ Useconds | 50 to 100, 2 to 50 |
| What is one of the most serious adverse reactions during iontophoresis treatment? | Galvanic burns |
| Paraffin bath therapy is commonly used on the hands and feet as a method of superficial heating. The temperature should be maintained between | 126 - 130 degrees F |
| The therapeutic conversion of electrical energy into high-frequency sound energy above the audible range to create heat in the tissues is the definition of what modality? | Ulstrasound |
| Ultrasound waves are reflected by _ and absorbed by _ | Bone, muscle |
| What are contraindication to massage? | Inflammation hemorrhage infection phlebitis |
| What are indications for diathermy? | To increase local circulation reduction of spasms pain relief osteoarthritis |
| What is not a contraindication or precaution for the use of ultrasound? | Scar tissue |
| What physical law is applied with the use of an infrared lamp? | Inverse square law |
| _ and _ are 2 means that deliver medication via sound waves and electricity | Phonophoresis, iontophoresis |
| What is a primary indication for cervical traction? | Muscle spasm |
| An athlete is struggling with an eating disorder. The athletic trainer, coach, and athlete had a lengthly discussion and decided it would be best for the athlete to be referred for professional help. What professional should they refer the athlete? | A psychologist |
| One of your patients notices a tingling sensation in his urethra followed by a discharge of greenish-yellow pus from his penis. Has pain with urination. What sexually transmitted disease do you suspect? and what should he do? | Gonorrhea: refer the patient to a physician and have him refrain from all sexual contact |
| During the rehabilitation of a knee injury the athletic trainer decides to use neuromuscular stimulation. The athlete has never had electric stimulation and is scared. What would be an appropriate response by the athletic trainer? | Teach the athlete about the general principles of electric stimulation |
| A cross-country runner comes to you because he would like to begin a strength-training program. He has never lifted before, how would you instruct him regarding his breathing pattern during a lift? | Have the athlete inhale deeply at the beginning of the life and then forcefully exhale at the end of the lift |
| What should the athletic trainer do when teaching a patient how to properly use crutches? | Caution the patient no to lean on the cutches so that their weight is on the crutches' axillary pads |
| You suspect one of your soccer players is experiencing 'training staleness'. What should you assess when developing a counseling approach with the patient? | The patient's training schedule and diet |
| When rehabilitating and an athlete following a ligamentous wrist injury, once the ligament has healed enough where active motion can be initiated, it is important to educate the athlete to exercise only: | In a pain-free range |
| Once of your patients has been diagnosed with Sindin-Larsen-Johansson disease. What is not appropriate when advising the patient in regard to minimizing his symptoms? | To increase the strength of the vastus medialis obliquus muscle with isotonic quadriceps strengthening exercises |
| When counseling a patient about the proper way to self-administer a medication it is important that the athletic trainer make the patient aware of what 2 factors? | When to take the medication and what foods/drugs not to mix with it |
| An athlete experiences a catastrophic injury in which she is permanently unable to return to playing the only sport with which she is familiar. What would be the athletic trainer's appropriate response when discussing the injury with the athlete? | Tell her is it OK for her to feel a variety of emotions and o openly express her needs and concerns |
| When advising a patient about his year-long strength-training program, the athletic trainer should have the patient limit his heavy lifting workouts to what period? | Off season, and preseason |
| A swimmer reports complaining of symptoms related to Scheuermann's disease. What type of exercises are beneficial in trying to diminish the symptoms during the early stages of the disease? | Extension and postural exercises |
| When rehabilitating an athlete following a lumbar strain, the athletic trainer should emphasize the significance of having the athlete improve the flexibility of what structures? | The iliopsoas paraspinals hamstrings hip extensors |
| One of your basketball players complains about localized lumbar 'backaches'. After performing your eval, it appears his primary problem is postural. All of the following are actions to prevent low back pain | When standing for long periods of time: rest one foot on a stool if it is available carry objects at waist level when possible sit on chairs with a firm seat and straight back keep his abdominals strong |
| What individual should the athletic trainer advise and consult with when developing a reconditioning program for a patient following a musculoskeletal injury while playing football? | The team strength and conditioning coach |
| _ and _ are important qualities that an athletic trainer must possess when counseling a patient during a time of distress | honesty and respect |
| If the patient complains of a burning sensation during an ultrasound treatment, all of the following may be the source | The intensity is too high not enough ultra sound gel the movement of the transducer head is too slow |
| Pain occurring at the site distant to damaged tissue that does not follow the course of a peripheral nerve describes what type of pain? | referred |
| What is an indication for the use of diathermy? | muscle spasm |
| What occurs during a joint mobilization technique when a convex surface moves on a concave surface? | Roll and glide occur in opposite directions |
| Contraindications to cervical traction include | A positive vertebral artery test a positive alar ligament test increased radicular symptoms with treatment nystagmus |
Created by:
opaltafe
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