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Exam 7 A&P
Origin-Insertion-Action-Innervation of Lower Limbs/Thigh
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Posterior Hamstring Muscles Group | Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus |
| Hamstring Muscle Group Function | Flexion of leg, extension of thigh, stabilization of knee and hip joints |
| Hamstring Muscle Group Innervation | Tibial and common fibular (peroneal) divisions of the sciatic nerve |
| Origin of Biceps femoris Long Head | (inferomedial impression of) ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament |
| Action of Biceps femoris (Long and Short Head) | Hip joint: thigh extension, thigh external rotation; Knee joint: leg flexion, leg external rotation; stabilizes pelvis |
| Insertion of Biceps femoris (long and Short Head) | (Lateral aspect of) head of fibula |
| Innervation of Biceps femoris (long head) | tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2) |
| Origin of semimembranosus | Superolateral impression of ischial tuberosity |
| Action of semimembranosus | Hip joint: thigh extension and internal rotation Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation of the leg Stabilizes pelvis |
| Insertion of semimembranosus | Medial condyle of tibia |
| Innervation of semimembranosus | Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5 – S2) |
| Origin of semitendinosus | (Posteromedial impression of) Ischial tuberosity |
| Action of semitendinosus | Hip joint: Thigh extension, thigh internal rotation, stabilizes pelvis. Knee joint: Leg flexion, leg internal rotation. |
| Insertion of semitendinosus | Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus) |
| Innervation of semitendinosus | Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2) |
| Origin of Biceps femoris Short Head | linea aspera of femur (lateral lip), lateral supracondylar line of femur |
| Innervation of Biceps femoris (Short head) | common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2) |
| Origin of Gluteus Minimus | Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines) |
| Action of Gluteus Minimus | Hip joint: Thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization |
| Insertion of Gluteus Minimus | Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur |
| Innervation of Gluteus Minimus | Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) |
| Origin of Gluteus Maximus | Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, gluteal surface of ilium (behind posterior gluteal line), thoracolumbar fascia, Sacrotuberous ligament |
| Action of Gluteus Maximus | Hip joint: Thigh extension, thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (superior part), thigh adduction (inferior part) |
| Insertion of Gluteus Maximus | Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur |
| Innervation of Gluteus Maximus | Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) |
| Origin of Gluteus Medius | Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines) |
| Action of Gluteus Medius | Hip joint: Thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization |
| Insertion of Gluteus Medius | Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur |
| Innervation of Gluteus Medius | Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) |
| Origin of Tensor fasciae latae | Outer lip of anterior iliac crest, Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) |
| Action of Tensor fasciae latae | Hip joint: Thigh internal rotation, (Weak abduction); Knee joint: Leg external rotation, (Weak leg flexion/ extension); Stabilizes hip & knee joints |
| Insertion of Tensor fasciae latae | Lateral condyle of tibia (via iliotibial tract) |
| Innervation of Tensor fasciae latae | Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) |
| Origin of iliotibial tract | Iliac crest (lateral aspect of external lip, iliac tubercle) and hip joint capsule (lateral part). Aponeurosis for gluteus maximus muscle (superficial ¾) and tensor fasciae latae. |
| Action of iliotibial tract | Lateral stabilization of hip and knee. Hip flexion, extension, abduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation (through the actions of gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae). |
| Insertion of iliotibial tract | Tubercle of iliotibial tract (Gerdy’s tubercle); located on the anterolateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the proximal tibia. |
| Innervation of iliotibial tract | Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1), inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2). |
| Origin of Sartorius | Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) |
| Action of Sartorius | Hip joint: thigh flexion, thigh abduction, thigh external rotation Knee joint: leg flexion, leg internal rotation |
| Insertion of Sartorius | Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus) |
| Innervation of Sartorius | Femoral nerve (L2-L3) |
| Lateral Rotators of Hip | Piriformis-Quadratus Femoris-Obturator Internus-Obturator Externus-Gemellus Superior-Gemellus Inferior |
| Lateral Rotators of Hip Function | externally (laterally) rotate the femur in the hip joint |
| Origin of Piriformis | Anterior surface of the sacrum (between the S2 and S4), Gluteal surface of ilium (near posterior inferior iliac spine), (Sacrotuberous ligament) |
| Action of Piriformis | Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction (from flexed hip); Stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum |
| Insertion of Piriformis | (Apex of) Greater trochanter of the femur |
| Innervation of Piriformis | Nerve to piriformis (S1-S2) |
| Origin of Quadratus Femoris | Ischial tuberosity |
| Action of Quadratus Femoris | Hip joint: thigh external rotation; stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum |
| Insertion of Quadratus Femoris | Intertrochanteric crest of femur |
| Innervation of Quadratus Femoris | Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1) |
| Origin of Obturator Internus | Posterior surface of the obturator membrane; bony boundaries of the obturator foramen |
| Action of Obturator Internus | External rotation of extended thigh; Abduction of flexed thigh; Stabilization of hip joint |
| Insertion of Obturator Internus | Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur |
| Innervation of Obturator Internus | Nerve to obturator internus (L5 and S1) |
| Origin of Obturator Externus | Anterior surface of obturator membrane, bony boundaries of obturator foramen |
| Action of Obturator Externus | Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (from flexed hip); Stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum |
| Insertion of Obturator Externus | Trochanteric fossa of femur |
| Innervation of Obturator Externus | Obturator nerve (L3, L4) |
| Origin of Gemellus Superior | Ischial spine |
| Action of Gemellus Superior | Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (from flexed hip); stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum |
| Insertion of Gemellus Superior | Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur (via tendon of obturator internus) |
| Innervation of Gemellus Superior | Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1) |
| Origin of Gemellus Inferior | Ischial tuberosity |
| Action of Gemellus Inferior | Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (from flexed hip), stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum |
| Innervation of Gemellus Inferior | Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4/5, S1) |
| Insertion of Gemellus Inferior | Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur (via tendon of obturator internus) |
| Iliopsoas Muscles | Iliacus & Psoas Major |
| Iliopsoas Muscles Function | Flexion and external rotation of the thigh at the hip joint; flexion of the trunk at the hip, lateral flexion of the trunk (psoas major only) |
| Origin of Psoas Major | Vertebral bodies of T12-L4, intervertebral discs between T12-L4, transverse processes of L1-L5 vertebrae |
| Action of Psoas Major | Hip joint: Flexion of the thigh/trunk, lateral rotation of the thigh Lateral flexion of the trunk |
| Insertion of Psoas Major | Lesser trochanter of femur as iliopsoas tendon |
| Innervation of Psoas Major | Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3 |
| Origin of Iliacus | Iliac fossa |
| Action of Iliacus | Hip joint: Thigh/trunk flexion |
| Insertion of Iliacus | Lesser trochanter of femur |
| Innervation of Iliacus | Femoral nerve (L1-L3) |
| Adductor Group | Adductor Magnus-Pectineus-Gracilis-Adductor Longus-Adductor Brevis |
| Adductor Group Function | Adduct the thigh; flexion, extension, external and internal rotation, as well as pelvis stabilization during walking |
| Origin of Adductor Magnus | Adductor part: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus Ischiocondylar part: Ischial tuberosity |
| Insertion of Adductor Magnus | Adductor part: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (medial lip), medial supracondylar line Ischiocondylar part: Adductor tubercle of femur |
| Action of Adductor Magnus | Adductor part: Hip joint - Thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation Hamstring part: Hip joint - Thigh extension, thigh internal rotation Entire muscle: Pelvis stabilization |
| Innervation of Adductor Magnus | Adductor part: Obturator nerve (L2-L4) Ischiocondylar part: Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4) |
| Origin of Gracilis | Anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus |
| Insertion of Gracilis | Medial surface of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus) |
| Action of Gracilis | Hip joint: Thigh flexion, thigh adduction; Knee joint: leg flexion, leg internal rotation |
| Innervation of Gracilis | Obturator nerve (L2-L3) |
| Origin of Pectineus | Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line of pubis) |
| Insertion of Pectineus | Pectineal line of femur, linea aspera of femur |
| Action of Pectineus | Hip joint: Thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation, thigh internal rotation; pelvis stabilization |
| Innervation of Pectineus | Femoral nerve (L2, L3) (Obturator nerve (L2, L3)) |
| Origin of Adductor Brevis | Anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus |
| Action of Adductor Brevis | Hip joint: thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation; pelvis stabilization |
| Insertion of Adductor Brevis | Linea aspera of femur (medial lip) |
| Innervation of Adductor Brevis | Obturator nerve (L2-L4) |
| Origin of Adductor Longus | Body of pubis, inferior to pubic crest and lateral to the pubic symphysis |
| Action of Adductor Longus | Hip joint: Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction, Thigh external rotation; Pelvis stabilization |
| Insertion of Adductor Longus | Middle third of linea aspera of femur (medial lip) |
| Innervation of Adductor Longus | Obturator nerve (L2-L4) |
| Origin of Psoas Minor | Vertebral bodies of T12 & L1 vertebrae |
| Insertion of Psoas Minor | Iliopubic eminence, pecten pubis |
| Action of Psoas Minor | Weak trunk flexion |
| Innervation of Psoas Minor | Anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1 |
Created by:
JML19
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