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Government Test 2
Government Quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the seeds of democracy? | A rich political heritage built on ideas of limited government, representative government, and individual rights. |
| Colonial government would never be an exact copy of the... | British system. |
| Define bicameral. | Two-chamber (legislature). |
| What is the Magna Carta? | One of the earliest English efforts toward limited government. English nobles forced King John to sign it. Also known as the "Great Charter". |
| By signing the Magna Carta, King John conceded that... | Even kings and queens had to obey English laws. |
| What did the Magna Carta guarantee? | A number of individual rights that the king could not violate. Too, it also guaranteed people accused of crimes the right to a trial by a jury of their peers. |
| The original intent of Magna Carta was to protect the ______ _______ _______. | Rights of nobles. |
| What was the Petition of Rights? | It required monarchs to obtain Parliament’s approval before levying new taxes. It also said that monarchs couldn't unlawfully imprison people, force citizens to house soldiers in their homes, or establish military rule during times of peace. |
| What caused the Petition of Rights? | A tradition of individual rights developed in England. When in 1628 a new confrontation between the king and Parliament put these rights at risk, England’s legislature made King Charles I sign it. |
| What was the English Bill of Rights? | What English monarchs had to sign. It prevented them from being able to enact laws, raise taxes, or keep an army without Parliament’s consent. It also allowed Parliament free speech and gave all people protection from cruel and unusual punishment. |
| What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? | A set of laws that limited the power of government and gave all free men the right to choose people to serve as judges |
| England established three types of colonies in North America. What were they? | Proprietary, royal, and charter. |
| What was a proprietary colony? | Based on a grant of land by the English monarch to a proprietor, an individual or a group who financed the start of the colony. The proprietor represented the Crown and could appoint all officials and make laws for the colony. |
| How many colonies were proprietary? | 9. These included **** |
| What was a royal colony? | Directly controlled by the king through an appointed governor. In time each royal colony had a two-house legislature. Members of the lower house were elected, but the king appointed members to the upper house. |
| What was a charter colony? | Operated under charters agreed to by the colony and the king. Charter colonies enjoyed the most independence from the Crown. Only 2 of these. |
| What historical event made people weary of the new Constitution? | Britain's rule. |
| The Framers also came to republican ideas through the work of Renaissance scholars such as... | Niccolò Machiavelli. |
| What is republicanism? | A broad set of ideas about representative government that can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome. |
| What are some of the republicans values? | Republican thinking highly values citizen participation, the public good, and civic virtue—the idea that people should place the common good over their private interests. |
| Machiavelli’s views helped undermine the idea that a monarch’s power was... | God-given. |
| For ideas about how to design a republican government, the Framers turned to the work of... | French philosopher Charles de Montesquieu. |
| Montesquieu argued that government power had to be... | Divided between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. Montesquieu called this the separation of powers. |
| The Framers’ political thinking was influenced by... What did they take? | A Judeo-Christian religious heritage. These religions believed in seeing the law and individual rights as being of divine origin, individual responsibility, the freedom to worship as one chooses, and self-government. |
| The Framers were particularly taken with Enlightenment ideas about... | People possessing natural rights to life, liberty, and property. |
| The Framers were also influenced by the Social Contract. What is that? Who suggested this? | The belief that people agreed to form government to protect their rights. -John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. |
| In defense of civil liberties, such as freedom of speech and religion, many of the Framers turned to an outspoken author. Who was he? | A French philosopher named François Marie Arouet, better known by his pen name, Voltaire. |
| What was the Stamp Act? | The British had debt from the French and Indian War. Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly was. It required a government tax stamp on paper goods and all legal documents, including contracts and licenses to pay off their debts. |
| What was the New England Confederation? | One of the earliest steps toward colonial unity (1643). They tried to defend themselves against Native Americans and Dutch colonies. |
| What was the Albany Plan of Union? | First plan for uniting the colonies; proposed by Ben Franklin. |
| Who were the Sons of Liberty? | Their goal was to intimidate the stamp agents charged with collecting Parliament’s taxes. In many places, mobs forced stamp agents out of office. In Philadelphia, colonists even conducted a mock hanging of a stamp agent |
| What were the Articles of Confederation? | U.S.'s first attempt at government. Needed to be ratified by all 13 states. Went into effect 1781. |
| What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation offer? | -States keep sovereignty, freedom, and independence. -Created a unicameral Congress, each state had 1 vote. |
| Under the Articles of Confederation, what powers were given to Congress? | -Declare War. -Make Treaties. -Borrow Money. -Build Navy and Army. -Settle States' disputes. |
| What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? | -Congress didn't have the power to tax. -Couldn't regulate trade between states. -No executive/judicial branch to carry out Congress' laws. -Couldn't make the states obey the Articles. -9/13 states to pass law. |
| Why did they set up the Articles? | Leaders feared a strong central government would treaten the power of the states and people's freedom. |
| What happened in 1787? | States called for a meeting to revise the Articles. |
| What were the 2 competing Plans in the Constitutional Convention? | 1.) Virginia Plan. 2.) New Jersey Plan. |
| What was the Virginia Plan? | Benefited bigger states. Has 3 branches of government. Congress should be bicameral. Representation based on states' population. Give all powers under Articles. |
| What was the New Jersey Plan? | Benefited smaller states. Unicameral Congress. Equal representation for all states. Give the power to tax and regulate trade between states. |
| What was the Connecticut Compromise? | Also known as the Great Compromise, it created a Bicameral Congress. Senate= All states would be equally represented. House Of Representatives= representation would be based on states' populations. |
| What was the Boston Tea Party? | In December 16, 1773, a group of colonists disguised themselves as Native Americans, boarded three British ships and dumped the ships’ tea cargo overboard into Boston Harbor. |
| What happened at the First Continental Congress? | They sent the King a document (the Declaration and Resolves), to get rid of the Intolerable Acts, an end to quartering, and the power of the colonies to impose their own tax laws. They also called for a boycott of British goods until its demands were met. |
| What happened at the Second Continental Congress? | This time, they were resolved to take strong measures. One of the Congress’s first actions was to organize the ragtag militia around Boston into an official Continental Army. By a unanimous vote, delegates then made George Washington its commander. |
| What pamphlet in 1776 tried to persuade people to split from Britain? | Common Sense by Thomas Paine. |
| What does ratified mean? | Formally approved. |
| What was one of the main reasons for the delay in ratifying the Constitution? | Disputes over who would control the vast western lands that stretched between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. To win states’ approval, they changed their plan, granting the Confederation control over western lands. |
| How were things passed with the Articles of Confederation? | To pass any major legislation, nine states had to agree. Moreover, any change to the Articles required approval from all of the 13 states. |
| The Articles had given Congress a number of key responsibilities. In reality... | The Articles placed limits on Congress that kept it from effectively enforcing its laws and policies. |
| What did the Northwest Ordinance do? | It established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory. |
| What additional things did the Northwest Ordinance introduce? | It created a system for admitting new states, banned slavery in the territory, included a bill of rights that guaranteed representative government, religious freedom, trial by jury, and other freedoms. |
| What is a Constitution? | The basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it. |
| What is the Magna Carta? | (1215) A charter agreed to by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the king’s powers. |
| Define Power of Law. | A principle that every member of a society, including the ruler or government, must follow the law. |
| Define Bicameral. | Consisting of two houses. |
| What is a Petition of Rights? | (1628) A document signed by Charles I of England that limited the powers of the English monarch. |
| What is the English Bill of Rights? | (1689) Document signed by King William that stated that English monarchs would no longer be able to enact laws, raise taxes, or keep an army without Parliament’s consent. |
| What is a Charter? | A written grant by a country's legislative or sovereign power, by which a body such as a company, college, or city is founded and its rights and privileges defined. |
| What is a Delegate? | A person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference. |
| Define Unicameral. | (Of a legislative body) Having a single legislative chamber. |
| What was the 3/5 Compromise? | (1787) An agreement stating that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted when determining a state’s population for representation in the lower house of Congress. |
| What was the Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise? | An agreement during the Constitutional Convention protecting slave holders; denied Congress the power to tax the export of goods from any State, and, for 20 years, the power to act on the slave trade. |
| What is a Federalist? | Group of people who supported the adoption of the U.S. Constitution and a strong national government. |
| What is an Anti Federalist? | A group of people who opposed the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. |
| What was Shay's Rebellion? | Led by former Revolutionary War captain Daniel Shays, the farmers attacked courthouses to prevent judges from foreclosing on farms. |
| What were the Framers? | Delegates of the Constitutional Convention who developed the framework for the government and wrote the Constitution. |
| What was James Madison role for the Constitution? | Madison took the lead in planning the convention and in calling for a new government. Today Madison is hailed as the Father of the Constitution because of his influence on the outcome of the convention. |
| Who helped wrote the Federalist Papers? What was their pen name? | Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. -Publius. |
| What were the Federalist Papers? | Collection of essays on the principles of government written in defense of the Constitution in 1787 and 1788. |
| The struggle over a ____ _____ _____ became a key focus in the fight over ratification. | Bill of Rights. |
| Patrick Henry was particularly passionate in his ______ to the Constitution. | Opposition. |
| What were the Bill of Rights? | Amendments made to protect such rights as freedom of speech, press, and religion as well as due process protections, such as the right to a fair trial and trial by jury. |
| Which states belonged to the Charter Colonies? | Connecticut and Rhode Island. |
| Which states belong to the Proprietary Colonies? | Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. |
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