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Digestion/Absorption
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| GI tract | a flexible muscular tube that extends from the mouth all the way to the anus. This is the digestive tract where the principal organs are the stomach and intestines |
| duodenum | the top portion of the small intestine |
| ileum | the last segment of the small intestine |
| jejunum | the first 2/5ths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum |
| sphincter | a circular muscle surrounding and able to close body opening. they regulate the flow of intestinal contents |
| lumen | the space within a vessel such as the intestine |
| bolus | a portion; with respect to food; the amount swallowed at one time |
| chyme | the semiliquid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum |
| peristalsis | wavelike muscular contractions of the GI tract that push its contents along |
| segmentation | a periodic squeezing or partitioning of the intestine at intervals along its length by its circular muscles |
| GI motility | the spontaneous movement of the GI tract that aids in the digestion and transit of the contents within it |
| transit time | the time it takes for ingested food to travel through the human gut |
| reflux | a backward flow |
| villi | fingerlike projections from the folds of the small intestine |
| microvilli | hairlike projections on each cell of every villus that can trap nutrient particles and transport them to the cells |
| crypt | tubular gland that lies between the intestinal villi and secrete intestinal juices into the small intestine |
| goblet cells | cells of the GI tract (and lungs) that secrete mucus |
| lymphatic system | a network of tissues and organs that transport fluids toward the heart |
| circulatory system | the system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands |
| homeostasis | A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly |
| constipation | the condition of having infrequent or difficult bowel movements |
| diarrhea | the frequent passage of watery bowel movements |
| peptic ulcer | a lesion in the mucous membrane of either the stomach or the duodenum |
| IBS | recurring abdominal pain related to defecation |
| celiac disease | an intestinal disorder in which the inability to absorb gluten results in an immune response that damages intestinal cells |
| bloating/distention | uncomfortable abdominal fullness or distention |
| FODMAP | a collective term used to describe fermentable bla blas and polys that are commonly found in such foods |
| gut microbiota | the system of microorganisms in a person's gastrointestinal system |
| CKK | signals the gallbladder to release its stores of bile |
| bile | an emulsifier that prepares fats and oils for digestion; an exocrine secretion made by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and released into the small intestine when needed |
| sodium bicarbonate | the opposite of the stomach's acid; secreted from the pancreas as part of the pancreatic juice |
| mucus | a slippery substance secreted by cells of the GI lining that protects the linings from exposure to digestive juices |
| HCL | hydrochloric acid |
| salivary amylase | enzyme that is produced by the salivary glands |
| pancreatic amylase | enzyme that is produced by the pancreas |
| digestion | the process by which food is broken down into absorbable units |
| emulsifier | a substance with both water-soluble and fat-soluble portions that enables oils and fats to mingle in a watery solution |
| probiotics | living microorganisms found in foods and dietary supplements that, when consumed in sufficient quantities, support for good health |
| gastric juices | saturate the chyme and kill any microorganisms. It helps absorb nutrients |
Created by:
twilal
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