click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 2
Government Chapters 4 & 5
Term | Definition |
---|---|
presidential system | executive is chosen independently of the legislature. 2 branches are separate. |
dual federalism | national and state govs are responsible for separate policy areas. |
cooperative federalism | national and state govs share responsibilities for most domestic policy areas. |
confederal system | gov in which local units hold all the power |
McCollah v Maryland | 1819 supreme court ruling confirming the supremacy of national over state gov |
gibbons v ogden | 1824 supreme court ruling establishing national authority over interstate business. |
devolution | transfer of powers + responsibilities from the federal gov to states. |
unfunded mandate | federal order mandating that states operate + pay for a program created at the national level. |
federalism | gives the central gov its own source of power, independent power to states, and power divided between the central + regional units. |
parliamentary system | gov which the executive is chosen by the legislature and from among its members + 2 branches are merged. |
checks and balances | principle that allows each branch of gov to exercise some form of control over the others. |
enumerated powers | congressional powers specifically named in the constitution. |
concurrent powers | powers shared by the federal + state govs |
categorical grants | federal fund provided for a specific + restricted by detailed instructions, regulations, and compliance standards |
block grants | federal funds provided for a broad purpose + unrestricted by detailed requirement and regulations |
nullification | declaration by a state that a federal law is void within its borders |
mandate | official order or commission to do something + authority to carry out policy or course of action |
habeas corpus | the right of an accused person to be brought before a judge + informed of charges and evidence against them |
bills of attainder | laws under which specific persons or group are detained + sentenced w/o trial. |
ex post facto laws | laws that criminalize an action after it occurs. |
incorporation | supreme court action making the protections of the bill or rights applicable to the states. |
necessary and proper clause | constitutional authorization for congress to make any law required carry out its power |
establishment clause | 1st amendment guarantee + gov will not create and support an official state church |
commerce clause | regulate commerce with foreign countries, states, + indian tribes |
initiative | citizens petitions to place a proposal or constitutional amendment or the ballot, to be adopted or rejected by majority vote, bypassing the legislature. |
referendum | an election in which a bill is passed by the state legislature + submitted to voters for approval. |
common sense | Written by Thomas Paine in 1776. Called for the rejection of the king, independence, and for republic gov. Persuaded many Americans to support the revolution. |
no child left behind act | 2001 - improved public primary + secondary schools and increase student performance. increased accountability for schools, districts, + states |
virginia plan | large states would have more representation + national law would be in favor |
new jersey plan | favor smaller states + congressional representation would be equal |
americans with disabilities act | prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, gov, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. |
judicial review | power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws. |
federalists | support constitution and strong central gov |
anti-federalists | state's rights and opposed constitution |
great compromise | solution to virginia + new jersey plan. equal votes in senate + votes by population in the house. |
3/5ths compromise | for every 5 enslaved equals 3 citizens. purposes of representation + reconciled northern and southern factions at the constitutional conventions. |
federalists papers | john jay, hamilton, and madison. series of essays written to build support for ratification of the constitution. |
shay's rebellion | 1787 - grassroots uprising by armed massachusetts farmers protesting foreclosures. |
bicameral legislature | virginia plan + legislature of 2 chambers |
republic | a gov in which decisions are made through representation of people |
separation of powers | institutional arrangement that assigns legislative, executive, and judicial powers to different people or groups. helps limit power. |
supremacy clause | article VI - constitutional declaration. constitution + laws made under its provisions are the supreme laws of the land. |
recall | votes to remove elected officials from office |