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Unit 2

Government Chapters 4 & 5

TermDefinition
presidential system executive is chosen independently of the legislature. 2 branches are separate.
dual federalism national and state govs are responsible for separate policy areas.
cooperative federalism national and state govs share responsibilities for most domestic policy areas.
confederal system gov in which local units hold all the power
McCollah v Maryland 1819 supreme court ruling confirming the supremacy of national over state gov
gibbons v ogden 1824 supreme court ruling establishing national authority over interstate business.
devolution transfer of powers + responsibilities from the federal gov to states.
unfunded mandate federal order mandating that states operate + pay for a program created at the national level.
federalism gives the central gov its own source of power, independent power to states, and power divided between the central + regional units.
parliamentary system gov which the executive is chosen by the legislature and from among its members + 2 branches are merged.
checks and balances principle that allows each branch of gov to exercise some form of control over the others.
enumerated powers congressional powers specifically named in the constitution.
concurrent powers powers shared by the federal + state govs
categorical grants federal fund provided for a specific + restricted by detailed instructions, regulations, and compliance standards
block grants federal funds provided for a broad purpose + unrestricted by detailed requirement and regulations
nullification declaration by a state that a federal law is void within its borders
mandate official order or commission to do something + authority to carry out policy or course of action
habeas corpus the right of an accused person to be brought before a judge + informed of charges and evidence against them
bills of attainder laws under which specific persons or group are detained + sentenced w/o trial.
ex post facto laws laws that criminalize an action after it occurs.
incorporation supreme court action making the protections of the bill or rights applicable to the states.
necessary and proper clause constitutional authorization for congress to make any law required carry out its power
establishment clause 1st amendment guarantee + gov will not create and support an official state church
commerce clause regulate commerce with foreign countries, states, + indian tribes
initiative citizens petitions to place a proposal or constitutional amendment or the ballot, to be adopted or rejected by majority vote, bypassing the legislature.
referendum an election in which a bill is passed by the state legislature + submitted to voters for approval.
common sense Written by Thomas Paine in 1776. Called for the rejection of the king, independence, and for republic gov. Persuaded many Americans to support the revolution.
no child left behind act 2001 - improved public primary + secondary schools and increase student performance. increased accountability for schools, districts, + states
virginia plan large states would have more representation + national law would be in favor
new jersey plan favor smaller states + congressional representation would be equal
americans with disabilities act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, gov, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications.
judicial review power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws.
federalists support constitution and strong central gov
anti-federalists state's rights and opposed constitution
great compromise solution to virginia + new jersey plan. equal votes in senate + votes by population in the house.
3/5ths compromise for every 5 enslaved equals 3 citizens. purposes of representation + reconciled northern and southern factions at the constitutional conventions.
federalists papers john jay, hamilton, and madison. series of essays written to build support for ratification of the constitution.
shay's rebellion 1787 - grassroots uprising by armed massachusetts farmers protesting foreclosures.
bicameral legislature virginia plan + legislature of 2 chambers
republic a gov in which decisions are made through representation of people
separation of powers institutional arrangement that assigns legislative, executive, and judicial powers to different people or groups. helps limit power.
supremacy clause article VI - constitutional declaration. constitution + laws made under its provisions are the supreme laws of the land.
recall votes to remove elected officials from office
Created by: callieg329
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