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Unit 2 Terms
Unit 2 Human Body Systems Med Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| anter/o | before, front |
| caud/o | lower part of body, tail |
| cephal/o | head |
| cyt/o, -cyte | cell |
| endo-, end- | in, within, inside |
| exo- | out of, outside, away from |
| hist/o | tissue |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -ology | the science or study of |
| path/o- or pathy | Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion |
| plas/i, plas/o, or -plasia | Formation, development, growth |
| poster/o | behind, toward the back |
| -stasis or -static | maintenance of a constant level |
| abdominal cavity | The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion. |
| adenectomy | The surgical removal of a gland |
| adenoma | A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue |
| adenomalacia | Abnormal softening of a gland |
| adenosclerosis | Abnormal hardening of a gland |
| anaplasia | A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other |
| anomaly | A deviation from what is regarded as normal |
| anterior | Situated in front |
| aplasia | The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue. |
| caudal | Toward the lower part of the body |
| cephalic | Toward the head |
| distal | Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure |
| dorsal | Back of the body or organ |
| dysplasia | Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs |
| epigastric region | The region located above the stomach |
| endocrine glands | Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| etiology | The study of the causes of diseases |
| histology | The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues |
| homeostasis | The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment |
| hyperplasia | The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues |
| hypogastric region | The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach |
| medial | The direction toward or nearer the midline |
| midsagittal plane | The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves |
| peritoneum | The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity |
| peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum |
| physiology | The study of the functions of the body structures |
| posterior | Situated in back or on the back part of an organ |
| retroperitoneal | Located behind the peritoneum |
| thoracic cavity | The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity |
| ventral | Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ |
| pandemic | A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide |
| endemic | Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area |
| epidemic | A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area |
| iatrogenic illness | Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment |
| idiopathic disorder | An illness without known cause |
| congenital disorder | An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
| infectious disease | Illness caused by a living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses |
| nosocomial infection | A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting |
| CST | certified surgical technician/technologist |
| CMT | certified medical technologist/technician |
| CNA | certified nursing assistant |
| EMS | emergency medical services |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| MLT | medical laboratory technician |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| anatomic reference systems | Terms used to describe the location of body planes, directions, and cavities. |
| Structures of the body | The cells, tissues, and glands that form the body systems that work together to enable the body to function |
| Genetics | The genetic components that transfer characteristics from parents to their child. |
| Tissues | A group of similarly specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions |
| Glands | A group of specialized cells that is capable of producing secretions. |
| Body systems and related organs | Organs are somewhat independent parts of the body that perform specific functions. Organs with related functions are organized into body systems. |
| Pathology | The study of the nature and cause of disease that involve changes in structure and function |
| adenocarcinoma | a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue |
| anatomy | the study of the structures of the body. |
| bloodborne transmission | the spread of a disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood |
| chromosome | a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell. These chromosomes are made up of DNA molecules containing the body’s genes. |
| communicable disease or contagious disease | any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects |
| functional disorder | produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified. |
| cytoplasm | the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus |
| exocrine glands | secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body |
| genetic disorder or hereditary disorder | a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene. Some are obvious at birth and others may manifest (become evident) at any time in life. |
| geriatrician or gerontologist | is a physician who specializes in the care of older people |
| hemophilia | a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing |
| hypertrophy | a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues |
| hypoplasia | the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells |
| inguinal | relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen. |
| mesentery | fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall. |
| pelvic cavity | the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems. |
| phenylketonuria | a rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing |
| stem cells | unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division. |
| transverse plane | a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. |
| umbilicus | belly button or navel |
| vector-borne transmission | the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector. The term vector describes insects or animals such as flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rats, and dogs, that are capable of transmitting a disease. Mosquitoes are the most common vectors, |
| A & P | anatomy & physiology |
| CD | communicable disease |
| chr or CH | chromosome |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| epid | epidemic |
| GP | general practitioner |
| PA | physician assistant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| PCP | primary care provider |
| MD | medical doctor |
| NP | nurse practitioner |
| ER or ED | emergency room or emergency department |
| EMT or EMT-P | emergency medical technician (paramedic) |
| RN | registered nurse |
| LVN or LPN | licensed vocational or licensed practical nurse |
| CNA | certified nursing assistant |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
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