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A&P I : chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cells are the _______ of all organisms (characteristics of life) | building blocks *cells cannot survive on their own, but they work together to be self-sustaining to make organisms |
| all cells come from (characteristics of life) | preexisting cells |
| cells are the ____ units that perform ______ physiological functions (characteristics of life) | smallest, all vital |
| each cell maintains _____ at the cellular level (characteristics of life) | homeostasis |
| what is a cell | sacs of fluid reinforced by proteins and surrounded by membrane |
| Types of Cells | sex (germ) cells: -reproductive cells -female oocytes & male sperm somatic cells: -all body cells -"soma" means body |
| prokaryotes | no true nucleus and no organelles bacteria and archaea |
| eukaryotes | do have a nucleus to hold genetic material and organelles plants, animals, algae, and fungi dna enclosed |
| Intracellular | |
| Extracellular fluid | Interstitial fluid - tissue (yard) Intravascular fluid - in vessels, plasma fluid of blood (road) |
| plasma membrane | flexible, sturdy barrier that separates intracellular (inside) from extracellular (outside) |
| selectively permeable | decides what to let in or let out based on water-soluble or lipid-soluble and polarity |
| functions of plasma membrane | - physical barrier (barrier) -regulation of exchange (nutrients enter, wastes eliminated) -sensitivity (extracellular fluid composition) -structural support (anchors cells and tissues) |
| phospholipid bilayer | 1. hydrophilic heads 2. hydrophobic fatty-acid tails -amphiphilic , both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties |
| two structural classes of membrane proteins | -Integral Proteins within the membrane, transmembrane across the entire bilayer, inside and outside -Peripheral Proteins |
| *^ look back over that power point, chapter 3, and take notes | |
| plasm | infers it's thicker than water and has organelles in it |
| Inclusions | in cell that's not really useful anymore , insoluble NONLIVING material in cells, just extra |
| cytosol | different from extracellular fluid , K higher inside cell and Na lower Na outside, K inside high concentration of protein attract proteins to keep and not move around |
| cytoskeleton types of filaments | 1. Microfilaments 2. Intermediate filaments 3. Microtubules - look like tubs |
| cytoskeleton | structural proteins for shape and strength |
| microfilaments | made of ACTIN - MOVEMENT mechanical strength increases surface area through microvilli |
| Intermediate filaments | STRENGTH AND STABILIZATION rope like |
| microtubules | Kinesin - Dynein MOTOR PROTEINS Cell Division change cell shape by moving road |
| retrograde | backwards, up the axon then to the cell body DYNIEN |
| anterograde | heading out towards the plus end KINESIN |
| centrioles | surrounded by centrosomes that make microtubules, like organizing center |
| flagella | whiplike extension of cell membrane only on sperm |
| cilia | move fluids across top of membrane |
| ribosomes | synthesize proteins small & large ribosomal subunits contains rRNA Fixed ribosomes are in ROUGH ER Free ribosomes in cytoplasm |
| proteasomes | recycler for used protein remove and recycle damaged/abnormal cellular proteins Ubiquitin - expiration date on protein, marker to show its expired |
| Protein Journey through cell | nucleous -- instructions to make it rough -- has ribosomes, making proteins golgi apparatus -- takes folded protein and ships it wherever it needs to do. vesicle is the package box |
| smooth ER functions | - no ribosomes synthesizes: -phospholipids assembly and cholesterol - steroid hormones stores calcium and regulates concentration detoxifies alcohol and drugs |
| lysosomes | trashcan of acid breaks up toxic stuff yellow |
| oxygen is the final plan in the electron transport chain | |
| meiosis | making a person "mini me" cut the number of chromosomes in half , haploid (23 chromosomes) |
| genetic recombination | how you get new people, crossing over in prophase I chromosome sex |
| Diploid | full set of chromosomes |
| Haploid | number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
| Reduction Divison | when you reduce the number of chromosomes cutting the number of chromosomes in half, end up with 23 |
| plasma membrane is ____ | selectively permeable always says no , impermeable always says yes, freely permeable choses , selectively permeable ALWAYS: O2, CO2, steroids and lipids |
| types of diffusion | -Active , requires energy and ATP .. -Passive, no energy needed |
| Diffusion | Down the concentration gradient, moving from an area of lots of stuff to less stuff until equalibrium the movement of stuff Osmosis is the movement of water |
| what can effect concentration gradient | distance size temperature electrical forces |
| carrier medicated | has to be carried across the membrane, sometimes requires energy, sometimes doesn't |
| sodium potassium exchange pump | this is electricity they swap sides creating ATP |
| exocytosis | secreting materials |
| facilitated diffusion | needs a friend |
| simple diffusion | can always come in |
Created by:
tbmartin2
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