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Anatomy CH 1
Common Root Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| a-/an- | without, lack of |
| angi(o) | vessels |
| anti- | against, opposite |
| arthro- | joints |
| bi-/di- | two, double |
| brachio- | arm |
| bucc(o)- | mouth |
| cardi(o)- | heart |
| cephal(o)- | head |
| chondro- | cartilage |
| cost(o)- | ribs |
| derm- | skin |
| dys- | bad, difficult, painful |
| ep-/epi- | outer, above, surface |
| gastro- | stomach |
| heme(o)- | blood |
| hepat(o)- | liver |
| hyper- | excessive, above |
| hypo- | lack of, under, deficient |
| infra- | below, beneath |
| inter- | between |
| laryngo- | larynx (voice box) |
| leuco/leuko- | white, clear |
| my(o)- | muscle |
| neuro- | nerves |
| ocul(o)- | nerves |
| para- | beside, beyond |
| ped(o)- | child, foot |
| peri- | around |
| poly- | many, excessive |
| post- | after |
| pre- | before |
| pulmo(n)- | lungs |
| sub- | below, beneath |
| super/supra- | above, excessive |
| trans- | across, through |
| vaso- | vessels, ducts |
| -ectomy | removal, cutting out |
| -itis | inflammation, swelling |
| -lysis | breakdown, separating |
| -oma | tumor(cancer) |
| -osis | state or condition |
| -pathy | disease of |
| -phodia | fear of |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -rrhea/rrhage | discharge of |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| -sepsis | infection |
| -stasis | stable, still, stoppage |
| anatomy | the study of what and where the parts of the body are |
| morphology | the study of the appearance of the body |
| gross anatomy | the study of the body with the human eye |
| systemic anatomy | the study of a specific system of the body |
| histology | microscopic study of body tissues |
| physiology | the study of how the body works and functions |
| levels of organization | elements-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems- body |
| chemical level | elements needed in the body(Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen) |
| cellular differentiating | the process of the cells changing during embryonic development into cells with a specialized function |
| epithelial tissue | covers and protects surface |
| muscle tissue | allows movement |
| connective tissue | joins parts together and provides support |
| nervous tissue | responds to stimuli and body activity |
| Life proccesses | movement-responsiveness-growth-reproduction-respiration-digestion-absorption-circulation- assimilation-excretion |
| metabolism | the body's process of breaking down food and making energy |
| homeostasis | the body's set limits that it must remain in to be healthy |
| homeostatic imbalances | a disruption of the limits which can cause death |
| stimulus | a change in the internal environment |
| receptors | figure out there is a change |
| control centers | decide how to respond to the change |
| effectors | carry out the response |
| feedback system | the act of the body releasing hormones to maintain homeostasis |
| negative feedback | decreases effectors ie. body temp |
| positive feedback | increases effectors so it will stop ie. contractions during labor |
| body cavities | confined spaces to protect organs, seperated by bone or muscle |
| axial portion | head, neck, trunk |
| cranial cavity | cavity in the skull for the brain |
| spinal cavity | cavity in the vertebrae for the spinal cord |
| thoracic cavity | the cavity in the ribs for the lungs and heart |
| mediastinum | the space bewteen the lungs |
| abdominopelvic cavity | the abdominal and pelvic cavity area |
| viscera | the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| diaphragm | the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| appendicular portion | the limbs |
| serous membrane | the membranes in the viscera |
| pleural membranes | the membranes for the lung |
| pericardial membranes | the membranes for the heart |
| peritoneal membranes | the membrane for the abdominopelvic cavity |
| parietal membranes | the membranes on the walls of the cavities |
| visceral membranes | the membranes on the walls of the organs |
| integumentary system | cover and protect the parts of the body |
| skeletal system | provide structure and support |
| muscular system | allows for movement |
| nervous system | allows for thought and responses |
| endocrine system | controls hormones |
| cardiovascular system | transports chemicals |
| lymphatic system | day-to-day immunity |
| respiratory system | moving in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide |
| digestive system | makes energy |
| urinary system | removes waste |
| reproductive system | reproduce |
| anatomical position | body standing straight, head up, limbs to the side, palms facing forward |
| superior | toward the head |
| inferior | toward the feet |
| anterior (ventral) | toward the front |
| posterior (dorsal) | toward the back |
| medial | toward the imaginary middle line |
| lateral | away from the middle line |
| proximal | toward the trunk on a limb |
| distal | away from the trunk on a limb |
| superficial | toward the surface of the body |
| deep | away from the surface of the body |
| bilateral symmetry | the body has a right and left |
| sagittal plane | plane separating right and left |
| frontal plane | plane separating front and back |
| transverse plane | plane separating top and bottom |
| epigastric region | upper middle part of the abdominal area |
| hypochondriac regions | upper left and right parts of the abdominal area |
| umbilical region | middle middle part of the abdominal area |
| lumbar regions | middle left and right parts of the abdominal area |
| hypogastric region | lower middle part of the abdominal area |
| iliac regions | lower left and right parts of the abdominal area |
Created by:
Lauren31
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