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Urban Design

Areas of Practice - Urban Design - AICP November 2022 Test

TermDefinition
Urban design process of creating the physical setting for cities and urban spaces. This can involve the design of buildings, spaces, and landscapes.
Context-Sensitive Design (CSD) Flexible road standards and dev practices reflective to values: 1. Balance safety, community, and env, 2. Involve public and affected agencies 3. Use team tailored to needs; 4. Apply flexibility to design standards; 5. Incorp aesthetics
Form-based code zoning code that regulates dev to achieve a specific urban form to address the relationship between building facades and the public realm, the form and mass of buildings in relation to one another, and the scale and types of streets and blocks.
New Urbanism promotes compact, walkable neighborhoods. Its principles are defined in the Charter of the New Urbanism, which was adopted by the Congress for New Urbanism. These principles apply at regional, neighborhood and block levels.
Le Corbusier 1922 Developed new urbanism with his Radiant City shown to house three million inhabitants in central Paris with sixty-story glass cruciform skyscrapers set in green space
New Urbanism Characteristics promotes mixed-income, walkable neighborhoods with a variety of architectural styles. neighborhoods with edge and center public space throughout, and walkable access to shopping, work, school and transit.
Transect conceptual device for orienting development on a rural to urban continuum. This concept is used in New Urbanist planning practices and is often the basis of a form-based code.
Tactical Urbanism low-cost temporary changes to the urban environment that are intended to demonstrate the potential impacts that change can have. For example, adding a temporary bicycle lane, street furniture, or turning empty storefronts into pop-up shops.
Transit-oriented development (TOD) mixed-use development designed to maximize access to public transportation. This type of development typically has a light rail, bus, or other types of transit station located at the center.
Biophilic Design create habitat for people as biological organisms thru nature Direct: Light, Air, Water, Plants, Animals, Natural Landscape, Weather; Indirect: Images of Nature, Natural Materials and Colors, Mobility, Wayfinding, Cultural, Ecological Attachment to Place
Metrics to know 1 square mile = 640 acres = 43,560 sq ft 1 parking space = 180 square ft 4.14 Acres for 1,000 parking spaces Pedestrian shed radius = 1/4 perry; 1/2 mile TOD
Gross Density Sum of all development (private land plus areas that aren't available for development such as streets)
Net Density Describes land use intensity on a parcel subtracts open space like roads from the calculation
Figure Ground Map 1748 Map of Rome, Giambattista Nollie Shows buildings in white and space in black to show the relation of open space and streets to buildings.
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Concepts , 1972 Oscar Newman book "Defensible Space" book about Physical expression of social fabric is needed. Barriers, Clear demarcation of public vs private, territorial markers, natural surveillance, and maint and mgmt discourage crime.
"The Image of the City" 1961 Kevin Lynch book. Discusses paths, edges, nodes, districts, landmarks
Density needed to support TOD 10-30 dwelling units per acre around a station in a city city; 5-20 units per acre around a station in a suburban center.
Urban Design Process Survey of visual environment Evaluate land use and circulation relationships Delineate hard and soft areas Translate proposals for action
Design Charrette Use this to discuss design the public spaces in a collaborative way and where community wants to go
Aging in Place Promote New Urbanism with granny flats (accessory use allowance over garage) improve transit overlaps w "Complete Streets" Loans for accessibility improvements Universal design
Elements to Evaluate Urban Design Conflict btw pedestrian and vehicle combability of land uses creation of sense of security ease of orientation
Created by: cristinemshoff
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