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AP EURO EARLY CIV
2022 Fall
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Mesopotamia mean? | "the land between 2 rivers" |
| What were the two rivers in Mesopotamia? | Tigris and Euphrates River |
| What did Rivers Tigris and Euphrates do? | gave water supply and irrigation (farming soil) for Mesopotamia |
| What were the three innovations Mesopotamia is known for? | Cuneiform writing, irrigation, & the wheel |
| What does Cuneiform writing mean? | The earliest writing in picture writing |
| What does irrigation mean? | Supplying land with water through a network of canals |
| Who founded Mesopotamia? | Sumerians |
| When did the world's first cities emerge? | Around 4,000 BCE |
| What were the world's first cities called? | City-states |
| What was Mesopotamia known as? | "The Cradle of Civilization" |
| What was Sumerian culture do for others? | Absorbed/influenced other cultures |
| The Nile river was what for Egyptian Civilization ? | The center |
| What was the shape of Egypt at the time the Nile River connected it? | Long and narrow |
| What did the Nile river do for Egypt? | Flooded annually which provided rich soil |
| How many kingdoms (historical time periods) was Egypt divided up into? | The 3 Kingdoms |
| What were the 3 Kingdoms name? | Old, Middle, and New Kingdom |
| What was a significant thing about the Old Kingdom? | The Pharaoh governed it and was even considered a God. |
| What did the citizen of Egypt look to the Pharaoh for? | Safety and prosperity |
| What was a significant thing about the New Kingdom? | It was considered the "Empire Period", the highest point of Egyptian history |
| Egypt survived to present-day but what kept happening to them? | They were invaded quickly |
| The Hebrews established what kind of kingdom? | Unified |
| Where was the unified kingdom that the Hebrews established? | Ancient Palestine |
| What happened after the death of King Solomon? | The kingdom was divided into 2 parts |
| What was the northern kingdom? | Israel |
| What was the southern kingdom? | Judah |
| What is the capital of Judah? | Jerusalem |
| Which country have the first instance of Monotheism | Egypt |
| What was the one god that Akhenaten ( Egyptian Pharaoh) wanted to be the "one god" | Aton (Aten) the Sun god |
| What was the name of the Israelites after their fall? | Jews |
| What brough the fall of the north kingdom? | Assyrians? |
| Who are the Assyrians? | Invaders who conquered Israel and deported most Jews |
| What did Judah and Israel contribute to? | Western and ancient monotheism |
| What early civilization "began a unique Western Civilization culture" | The Greeks |
| Where did the Minoan civilization begin? | The island of Crete |
| What civilization did the Minoan civilization inspire? | Myceneans |
| Who were the Myceneans ? | Greek-speaking people who dominated the mainland of Greece |
| What was the Trojan War between? | The Mycenae (Greeks) and Troy |
| What was Troy? | A civilization in northwest Asia minor; Turkey |
| Where was the story of the Trojan War told? | the Iliad |
| Who wrote the Iliad? | Homer |
| What else did Homer write? | The Odyssey |
| How did the Trojan War begin? | Romantically, when Paris stole Helen away from the king of Sparta |
| Who was Hector? | A prince of Troy who killed Patroclus which resulted in him being killed by Achilles. |
| Who was Patroclus | Achilles "best friend" |
| Who was Achilles | A prince of Troy who killed Patroclus which resulted in him being killed by Achilles. |
| What about Achilles influenced the Trojan War? | His anger |
| What did Homer's writing do? | Influence western art and literature |
| What does "polis" loosely translate to in Greek? | translate to city-state |
| What is a polis? | an independent city state of a community of relatives |
| What government did all Greek city-states start out as? | a monarchy |
| what was an "Olympian" | a guardian god for each city-state (ex. Athens= Athena) |
| What was the Temple of Delphi | a temple to honor Apollo |
| What were the 2 most powerful city-states in early Greece? | Sparta and Athens |
| What did Spartans value? | duty, strength, discipline || Military Arts |
| What was the Spartan constitution a mix of? | Democracy, Monarchy (2 kings), Obligarcy |
| What was Oligarchy | focus and ran by military elites |
| What battle Sparta was most known for? | the Battle of Thermopylae |
| what was the Battle of Thermopylae | Battle during which 300 Spartans fought (and died to) thousands of Persian soldiers in a narrow mountain pass |
| What did Athens value? | Wisdom and the Arts |
| Who pushed Athens towards a certain government? | Solon |
| What government did Solon strive to make Athens take | Democracy |
| What did Solon create | the Council of 400 |
| What is the Council of 400 meant to do? | Kept the power of the Areopagus in check |
| What is an Areopagus | An aristocratic council |
| What did the Council of 400 do for Athens | made the city-state more democratic |
| Who was Clisthenes? | An Athenian faction ruler who was the founder of true democracy and created the Deme |
| what is a Deme | a small town or a city council |
| What was Pericles occupation? | an Athenian statesman; making him a great orator (speaker) |
| Who brought Athens to its "Golden Ages" | Pericles |
| What did Pericles do to bring Athens into its "Golden Age" | juries, stipends, ostrarism |
| what is ostrarism | the ability to banish a leader that the public disliked; was made in good intentions but turned into a debate of freedom of speech |
| what is stipends | paid public officials |
| What happened after Pericles died? | the decline of Athens |
| What where the three reasons that Athens declined in power? | the plague, Pericles death, and the Peloponnesian War |
| What was the Peloponnesian War | A war between Athens and Sparta |
| Who was Socrates? | A Greek philosopher and non-conformist that was put to death for his teachings. |
| where would Socrates do his teachings/cross-examines? | the agora (market place) |
| what did Socrates teach the youth? | taught that there is absolute truth and to question authority |
| what were the 2 charges against Socrates | impiety and corrupting the youth |
| Who inspired and mentored Plato? | Socrates |
| After Socrates death, how did it affect Plato? | He became pessimistic about democracy |
| What did the Peloponnesian war result in? | The victory of Sparta but the decline of Greek prosperity and confidence |
| Alexander the Great was from? | Macedonia |
| Where was Macedonia located? | North of Greece |
| What did Alexander conquest do? | Culturally diffused Greek culture |
| What is cultural diffusion | spreading a culture |
| What was the Etruscan Kings influence on Rome? | Usage of bricks, city-streets, creation of forum, religious beliefs- polytheistic; it was replaced with a republican form of government |
| When did the Romans replace monarchy with republican? | 509 BC |
| What did Romans created | A republic; more like Aristocracy |
| What was "a republic" | the thing of the people |
| what was "a democracy" | by the people |
| Who defeated the Senate and general Pompey; than went on to rule Rome | Julius Caesar |
| When was Julius Caesar assassinated | March 15th, 44BC |
| What was the 3 Punic Wars? | The war between Carthage and Rome as they expanded their territory |
| Where was the Carthage | Northern Africa |
| Why was Caesar assassinated? | His political rivals feared a monarchal government |
| Who was Octavian? | Caesars great nephew who came into power after his death |
| What did Octavian change his name to? | Augustus |
| What did Octavian do to Rome's government | the government acted like an empire to hide the fact that it was more of a monarchical government to escape assassination from the Senate |
| What were the root causes of Rome's decline | the size of the empire, corruption, and invasion |
Created by:
sbui25
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