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CMT Dermatology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cutaneous | This membrane is the primary organ of the integumentary system. |
| serous | comprised of 2 distinct layers-epithelial layer of simple squamous cells and a basement of connective tissue that holds and supports teh epithelial cells. |
| Parietal | Lines body cavities |
| Visceral | Covers surfaces of the organs. |
| Mucous | Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior. |
| Synovial fluid | secreted by the connective membranes, this is a thick, colorless fluid that lubricates the areas between bones and joints. |
| Epidermis | Outermost layer of the skin consisting of a relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium. |
| Stratum germinativum | Innermost layer of skin. |
| Keratin | Produced when cytoplasm approaches the surface of the skin. it is the waterproof material that gives cells on the outer layer protective qualities. |
| Stratum corneum | outer layer of skin. |
| Dermis | Deeper, thicker layer composed mostly of connective tissue. |
| Subcutaneous tissue | thick layer of connective tissue and fat supporting the layers of the skin. |
| Lanugo | Extremely, fine, soft hair of a newborn. |
| Follicles | Specialized structures required for hair growth. |
| Papilla | Cluster of cells at the base of the follicle necessary for hair growth. |
| Root of hair | Part of the hair beneath the skin. |
| Shaft of hair | Part of the hair above the surface of the skin. |
| Arrector pili | A tiny muscle at the base of the dermal papilla that contracts when frightened or cold producing "goose bumps." |
| Nail body | Visible part of the nail. |
| Root of nail | Part of the nail in a groove hidden by a fold of skin |
| Cuticle | the fold of skin hiding the nail root |
| Lunula | Crescent shaped white area nearest the root |
| Nail bed | The layer of epithelium under the nail body. |
| Sweat glands | the most numerous of the skin glands. |
| Eccrine glands | The more numerous of the sweat glands. They are distributed all over the body. |
| Apocrine glands | Found primarily in the axilla and the genital area. |
| Sebaceous glands | Secrete oil for hair and skin. |
| Receptors | Make it possible for the body surface to act as a sense organ. |
| Macule | Discolored flat lesion (freckle or age spot) |
| Papule | A less than 1 cm in diameter solid elevation of the skin (acne or pimple) |
| Nodule | Solid, elevated lesion more than 1 cm in diameter (enlarged neck gland) |
| Pustule | Pus-filled small elevation of the skin (whitehead) |
| Vesicle (blister) | A small collection of clear fluid (chickenpox) |
| Plaque | Slightly elevated surface lesion with a flat surface |
| Crust | Rough,dry surface of dried exudate or blood |
| Lichenification | Leather-like skin surface |
| Keloid | Benign, elevated, irregularly shaped scar due to the formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the skin during connective tissue repair. |
| Fissure | Crack-like sore or groove |
| Ulcer | Open sore in teh skin and mucous membrane |
| Erosion | Wearing away or loss of epidermis |
| Comedone | Hair follicles blocked with sebum, keratin, or debris |
| Cyst | Thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material. |
| Polyp | Mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane on a stalk |
| Scale | Flakey skin (dandruff, psoriasis) |
| Wheal | Smooth, slightly elevated, swollen area that is either redder or paler than the surrounding skin (insect bite) |
| Seborrheic dermatitis | An idiopathic condition that appears in a variety of forms and causes inflammation of the skin |
| Contact dermatitis | Acute inflammation of the skin caused by coming in contact with many substances such as poison ivy, oak, or sumac |
| Eczema | An inflammatory skin disease with papules, vesicles, erythema, edema, scaling, etc. |
| Urticaria (hives) | Acute allergic reaction where red wheals develop on the skin. |
| Psoriasis | A chronic skin condition for which the etiology is unknown but it is thought to be an autoimmune disorder or have a genetic component. |
| Rosacea | A chronic, cyclic condition occurring on the cheeks that causes redness of the skin |
| Acne vulgaris | Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles causing papules, pustules and comedones. |
| Herpes Zoster (shingles) | Caused by the varicella-zoster virus, this is an acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of extremely painful vesicles |
| Impetigo | Caused by either strep or Streptococcus aureus, this is a common contagious, superficial skin infection characterized by pustular lesions that rupture and form thick yellow crusts on the skin |
| Furuncle (boil) | An abscess caused by bacteria that involves the entire hair follicle and adjacent tissue |
| Carbuncle | Term used to refer to an ususually large furnuncle or when multiple furnuncles occur in adjoining follicles and are connected by their drainage canals |
| Cellulitis | An acute, diffuse, bacterial infection resulting when bacteria enters the skin through a cut or lesion |
| Dermatophytoses | Chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin |
| Decubitus ulcers (bed sores) | Also referred to as a "pressure ulcer" it results from areas of dead skin and can affect the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers of the skin |
| Scabies (itch mite) | parasitic infection that are contageous |
| Seborrheic keratosis | A benign growth originating in the epidermis characterized by brown papules or plaques and appearing as though they are pasted on the skin |
| Actinic keratosis | Common premalignant lesions seen on sun-exposed areas of the body |
| Basal and squamous cell carcinomas | nonmelanoma cancers that form on the skin as a result of chronic sun exposure |
| Malignant melanoma | The most serious of the 3 types of skin cancers. |
| Vitiligo | Patches of pale, irregular skin that usually occur usually a stressful incident and are evenly located on one side of the body |
| Hemangioma | Benign lesion of proliferating blood vessels in the dermis that produced red, blue, or purple color |
| Nevi | Small dark areas of skin composed of collections of melanocytes (moles) |
| Albinism | A rare inherited condition characterized by the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin resulting in pale skin, white hair and generally pink or pale blue eyes. |
| Seborrheic warts | Rounded, oval patches of darkly pigmented skin 1 to 3 cm across. They are not true warts |
| Pityriasis | Rungal infection with patches of flaky, light or dark skin that devlops on the trunk of the body |
| Folliculitis | Erythemic, pustular lesion of teh skin as a result of inflammatory reaction to hair follicies |
| Corns | Extremely common, localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis. They develop on toes |
| Calluses | Extremely common, localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis. Large and commonly develop on the ball of the foot and the palms of the hands |
| Verrucae (warts) | Elevated growths of epidermis as the result of hyperplasia. |
| Plantar warts | Small, hard white or pink lump with a cauliflower-like surface containing small clotted blood vessels that resemble black splinters |
| Paronychia | Infection in the skin around a nail that can be caused either by bacteria or fungi. |
| Alopecia | Chronic hair loss. |
| Cellulitis | Inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue |
| Scleroderma | Chronic hardening and thickening of the skin |
| Ecchymosis | Black-and-blue mark on the skin |
| Purpura | Ecchymosis and petechia in the skin, mucous membranes, and serosal surfaces |
| Bacterial analysis | Skin samples are sent to a laboratory to detect the presence of microorganisms |
| Fungal tests | Skin scrapings of lesions, hair specimens or nail clippings are taken and sent for culture and microscopic examination. |
| Allergy skin testing | Various antigens including animal dander, foods, plants, pollens, ect are given by intradermal injection into the forearm |
| Culture and sensitivity (C&S) | Exudate from an ulcer, wound, burn or laceration or the pus of an infection is placed in a Petri dish for growth. |
| RAST | A blood test to measure the amount of IgE produced each time the blood is mixed with a specific allergan showing which of the many allergans the patient is allergic to. |
| Skin scraping | The edge of a scalpel is used to obtain material from a lesion. It is examined under the microscope for diagnosis. |
| Tzanck test | A skin scraping of fluid from a vesicle is obtained, a smear made and placed on a slide, stained and examined under a microscope to diagnos Herpes virus infections and shingles. |
| Wood's lamp | Used to diagnose vitiligo and ringworm by using an ultraviolet light to highlight areas of the skin. |
Created by:
TinaW
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