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UAMS Dysmorphology 4
Chest, Abdomen and Back
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Difference between the 7 true ribs and the 5 false ribs? | The true ribs articulate to sternum, false ribs to the costal cartilage above them. |
| Two main problems in the chest are because of? | Mesoderm Migration or Differentiation of the cells. |
| Sternum is made up of what parts? | Ribs, sternal bars, clavicles. |
| Pectus Excavatum | Seen in Coffin Lowry syndrome. Surgical procedure to fix. |
| Pectus Carinatum | Pidgin Breast. Seen in Homocystinuria. Surgical or breast plate. |
| Shield chest | Turner syndrome. |
| Fused/Bifid ribs | Gorlin Syndrome. |
| Scoliosis | Deformation. |
| Dysplaisas of Chest | Cleidocranial dysostosis, many bone dysplasias and mucopolysaccharidoses. |
| Malformations (most common) of Chest | Poland syndrome - absent pectoralis major muscle. Beaded ribs and Short sternum, Cleft sternum, Ectopia Cordis. |
| Diastasis Recti | The abs aren't connected so there is a gap which will bulge when the child cries or strains. |
| Umbilical Hernia | Herniation of the intestines into the umbilicus. |
| Ventral Hernia | Lateral herniation to the midline |
| 2 vessel cord | Single Umbilical artery, 1% of newborns |
| Deformations of the Abdomen | Long Cord, Short Cord, Umbilical cord knot. |
| Disruptions of the Abdomen | Absence of abdominal muscle - Prune Belly |
| Dysplasias of the Abdomen | Hepatosplenomegaly, Shrunken liver. Size/consistency of liver and spleen. |
| Malformations of the Abdomen | Omphalocele, Hernia into the umbilical cord, Gastroschesis. Situs Inversus, Meckel's diverticulum, Urachus, Inguinal Hernias. |
| Situs Inversus | Major organs are reversed/mirrored. Totalis - Heart on right side Abdominus - Only organs below diaphragm are reversed. |
| Meckel's diverticulum | Remnant of the vitelline duct or yolk stalk |
| Urachus | Urachal sinus - Dilation into the bladder or at the umbilicus Urachal cyst - remnant of epithelial liniing of urachus Urachal Fistula - no closure. |
| Kyphosis | Convex curvature. Spine is bowed out making a hump. |
| Lordosis | Concave curvature. Achondroplasia. |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature |
| Minor variants of the Back | Trunk length, Lumbar Lordosis, Bifid Spinous (C2-C3, Sacral dimples, Pigmentation, Hair |
| Deformations of the Back | Scoliosis, Gibbus, Platyspondyly, Winged scapulas, Unusual protrusion |
| Malformations of the Back | Scoliosis, Scapular abnormalities, Hypoplastic scapulas, Pilonidal dimple tethered cord, Arnold Chiari, Lipomas, sacrococcygeal teratoma, Spinal dysraphism - Spina bifida occulta, Meningocele, Myelomenigocele, spinal rachischisis. |
| Arnold-Chiari malformation | can be caused by tethered cord, Herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum |
| Spina bifida occulta | mildest form, marked by lipoma, hemangioma, hairy patch. |
| Meningocele | Spinal membranes protrude through spinal canal, lower lumbar or sacral. |
| Myelomenigocle | Most serious form of spina bifida. Problems with movement and sensation below the level of defect. |
| Spinal rachischisis | Failure of fusion of a large part of neural tube, anencephaly iniencephaly. |
Created by:
btkosewski
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