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A&P I : chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy "A" -- Architecture | Describes STRUCTURES of the body their physical relationships to one another |
| Physiology "P" -- Purpose | Study of FUNCTION How vital processes work |
| Gross Anatomy | large, VISABLE structures, Macroscopic |
| Cytology | study of an individual cell |
| Histology | study of tissues, ( groups of specialized cells that make up an organ ) |
| Symptoms | SUBJECTIVE changes in body functions that you can't just see - Reported by patient |
| Signs | OBJECTIVE changes, observed & measured -Reported by clinician |
| The Scientific Method | -Whatever Q or Observation you MUST formulate it into a Q (hypothesis) Then ask how do I create an experiment to answer hyp. -Have to be able to replicate experiment & you want others to do get the same result ( if its what you wanted ) |
| Correct Order of Organization starting w Simplest | chemical (atoms) -> cellular (cells) -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism |
| Surface Anatomy | locating body structures near one another that can be seen & used as a reference |
| Describe Anatomical Position | Hands at sides, palms forward stance clinicians use |
| Anatomical landmarks | what can be felt |
| Anatomical regions | specific areas used for reference purposes |
| Anatomical directions | Closer/Further away from structure of plane |
| Supine | Lying down, face up , on your back |
| Prone | Lying down, face down, on stomach |
| Lateral Recumbent | Laying on your side |
| Acromial a-chrom-eal | point of shoulder |
| Antecubital | anterior surface of elbow |
| Axillary | armpit |
| Brachial | upper arm |
| buccal | cheeks area |
| Cervical | neck region |
| Coxal | Hip |
| Crural | lower, front of leg |
| Femoral | thigh |
| Fibular | lateral part of leg next to Tibia |
| Inguinal | area where thigh meets body part |
| Patellar | anterior knee |
| Sternal | breastbone |
| Tarsal | ankle region |
| thoracic | chest |
| calcaneal | heel of foot |
| cephalic | head |
| deltoid | curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle |
| lumbar | area of back b/w ribs and hips |
| occipital | posterior head |
| olecranal | posterior elbow |
| popliteal | back of knee |
| scapular | shoulder blade region |
| sural | posterior surface of lower leg |
| plantar | sole of foot |
| sacral | end of vertebral column |
| otic | ear |
| mental | chin |
| antebrachial | forearm |
| palmar | palm |
| pollex | thumb |
| hallux | great toe |
| pedal | foot |
| manual | hand |
| superior | above |
| inferior | below |
| anterior | in front of ventral to |
| posterior | behind dorsal to |
| medial | middle |
| lateral | away from middle outer sides |
| intermediate | b/w a medial and lateral surface |
| proximal | close to the body part |
| distal | away from body part |
| superficial | external ; at the surface |
| deep | internal ; away from surface |
| frontal plane coronal | anterior and posterior |
| sagittal plane | divides right from left |
| midsagittal | equal right and left |
| parasagittal | off center right and left |
| transverse plane | divides superior and inferior |
| peritoneal cavity peritoneum | abdominal region |
| pleural cavities pleura | lungs |
| pericardial cavity pericardium | contains heart |
| serosa (serous membrane ) | makes fluid to reduce friction |
| serosa - covering on organ | visceral viscera = internal organs |
| serosa - covering on wall (wallpaper) | parietal paries = wall , attaches to and lines cavity walls |
| Serous Fluid | secreted by serous membranes 1) reduces friction b/w body walls and viscera 2) moistens membranes to prevent sticking |
| peritoneal | inside ventral cavity |
| retroperitoneal | behind and underneath , not wrapped in serous membrane |
| homeostasis | staying the same -- stable internal environment despite unpredictable surroundings state of equilibrium |
| Negative Feedback | response reverses original stimulus restores homeostasis to normal range determined by set point |
| Thermoregulation | type of negative feedback ex. sweating to cool body, shivering to warm body regularly center - hypothalamus in brain |
| Positive Feedback | initial stimulus produces a response that amplifies the original change in conditions body is moved AWAY from homeostasis , normal range not maintained ex. child & labor |
| dynamic equilibrium | continual adaptation to changing conditions |
| EFFECT | OUT carries out instructions from control center to restore homeostasis |
| AFFECT | IN |
| Control Center | processes receptors information , then decides based on set point |
| Receptor | receives stimulus to detect changes in the environment |
Created by:
tbmartin2
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