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Articulations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Synovial Joint Special Structures? | Joint capsule (Articular Capsule), Synovial fluid, Joint cavity, Articular cartilage, and Accessory structures (menisci, fat pads, bursae, ligaments) |
| What does the joint capsule contain? | Fibrous capsule outside and Synovial membrane inside The Synovial Membrane makes synovial fluid |
| How many ways are there to move a bone? | 3 |
| Describe the 3 ways to move a bone | 1.Move the point past another bone on a mostly flat (planar) surface 2. Change the angle of the shaft in relation to another bone, either as a single movement like flexion or a complex movement like circumduction 3.Rotate the shaft while keeping the |
| *Note about movement: | One end of the bone always keeps contact with another, no matter if you twist, push, or pull it |
| What's the term to describe movement? | Articular motion |
| What is Gliding (Linear) movement ? | when two surfaces sliding past one another |
| Describe Angular movement | opening or closing an angle (20-180 degrees) |
| Describe types of Angular movement | Flexion, Extension and Hyperextension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction |
| Describe rotation | turning a bone inwards or outwards |
| Describe types of rotation | External (lateral) rotation, Internal (medial) rotation, Pronation, Supination |
| Describe Special movements | related to particular joints, like the thumb |
| Examples of Special Movements | Inversion, Eversion, Dorsiflexion, Plantar flexion, Opposition, Reposition, Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression, Lateral flexion |
| Axes of Motion | Monaxial –Movement around one axis, Biaxial –Movement around two axes Triaxial –Movement around three axes Multiaxial/nonaxial –Movement in any direction |
| Classification of Synovial Joints by Shape | Gliding ,Hinge, Condylar, Ball and Socket, Saddle, Pivot |
| Examples of gliding joints | Sacroiliac joint Intercarpal (wrist bones) joints Vertebrocostal joints (rib to vertebrae) Acromioclavicular joint + Sternoclavicular joint |
| Examples of hinge joints | Elbow joint Knee joint Ankle joint Interphalangeal joints (fingers and toes) |
| Examples of Condylar joints | Radiocarpal joint of wrist Metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 (knuckles) Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5 (toe to foot) |
| Examples of Ball and Socket joints | Shoulder joint Hip joint |
| Examples of Saddle joints | Carpometacarpal joint (CMC) = thumb Sternoclavicular joint |
| Examples of Pivot joints | Atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2) Proximal radioulnar joint of elbow |
| Rules of movement of joints | A joint cannot be both mobile and strong • The greater the mobility, the weaker the joint • Mobile joints are supported by muscles/tendons and ligaments, not bone-to-bone connections like sutures. Therefore, injuries to muscles/tendons, or ligaments |
| Describe types of movement in Synovial Joints | Gliding surfaces-2 surfaces slide past each other, as in carpal or tarsal or facet joints • Angular movement– Based on reference to individual in anatomical position, as in elbow or knee • Circumduction– To make an “O” with a fixed point, as in shoulder |
| Describe types of Angular Movements | Flexion –Anterior–posterior plane –Reduces angle between elements • Extension –Anterior–posterior plane –Increases angle between elements • Hyperextension –Extension past anatomical position |
| Types of Angular Movements | Abduction –Frontal (coronal) plane–Moves away from longitudinal axis –Away from body center Adduction–Frontal (coronal) plane–Moves toward longitudinal axis –Toward body center |
| Circumduction | circular motion without rotation Combination of angles which appears to be seamless and uninterrupted 360 degrees. |
| Rotation | Direction of rotation from anatomical position • Relative to longitudinal axis of body • Left or right rotation 1. Internal rotation (medial) • Rotates toward axis 2. External rotation (lateral) • Rotates away from axis |
| Rotatory Movements | Pronation–From anatomical position –Turns forearm radius over ulna, palm faces posterior • Supination–Forearm in anatomical position, palm faces anterior |
| Special Movements | Inversion–Face sole of foot inward • Eversion–Face sole of foot outward • Dorsiflexion–Flexion at ankle (lifting toes to ceiling) Plantar flexion–Extension at ankle (pointing toes to floor) |
| Special Movements, cont. | Opposition–Thumb movement toward fingers or palm (grasping) • Reposition–Opposite of opposition; to repose (relax) thumb • Protraction–Moves anteriorly in the horizontal plane (pushing forward) • Retraction–Opposite of protraction –Moving posteriorly |
| Special Movements, cont. | Elevation–Moves in superior direction (up) • Depression–Moves in inferior direction (down) • Lateral Flexion–Bends vertebral column from side to side |
Created by:
tarich5z
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