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Skeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many bones are in the human body | 206 |
| axil skeleton contains what bones | skull, spine, ribs, sternum 80 bones |
| appendicular skeleton contains what bones | 128 bones shoulder, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, feet |
| 6 functions of the bones | 1. bones provide shape and support for the body 2. bones protect internal organs 3. bones attach muscle 4. bones produce red blood cells 5. bones help with movement 6. bones store minerals |
| what are bones made of | 50% water, 50% osseous tissue |
| long bones | femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, |
| short bones | carpals of the wrist and tarsals of the ankle |
| flat bones | sternum, scapula |
| irregular bones | vertebrae, pelvic girdle |
| what is the epiphys | growing end of the bones |
| what is the diaphysis part of the bone | the shaft |
| what is the periosteum part of the bones | outside covering |
| what is the medullary part of the bones | inner space containing bone marrow |
| what is the endosteum | lining of the medullary cavity |
| joints | a place where two or more bones connect |
| synarthrosis | a joint that allows no movement (cranial structure) |
| amphiarthrosis | allows for slight movement (vertebrae) |
| diarthosis | allows free movement (knee, elbow, wrist) |
| abduction | moving a body part away from the middle |
| adduction | moving a body part towards the middle |
| flexion | bending a limb |
| extension | straightening a flexed limb |
| circumduction | moving a body part in a circular motion |
| protraction | moving a body part forward (jaw) |
| retraction | moving a body part backwards (jaw) |
| dorsiflexion | bending a body part backwards (ankle) |
| inversion | rotate inward (foot) |
| eversion | rotate outward (foot) |
| cervical spine | 7 vertebrae concave |
| thoracic spine | 12 vertebrae convex |
| lumbar spine | 5 vertebrae concave |
| sacral | 5 fused bones convex |
| how many bones in the vertebral column | 26 |
| kyphosis | exaggerated curvature in the thoracic region (humpback) |
| lordosis | exaggerated curvature in the lumbar region |
| scoliosis | s-shape curvature of the whole spine |
| nucelous pulpous | absorbs the compression of the spine |
| anulus fibrous | outer ring formed by ligaments contains the nucelous pulpous |
| fibrous joints | held close together by dense connective tissue they are immovable (skull) or slightly movable (joints between distal tibia and fibula) |
| cartilaginous joints | fibrocartilage unite the bones in the joints disks between vertebrae help absorb shock and are slightly movable first rib of the sternum and the symphysis pubis |
| synovial joints | -most joints in the skeleton are this, most complex -synovial fluid has the consistency of egg whites and lubricates articulating surfaces within the joint -some synovial joints contain shock absorbing pads of fibrocartilage called menisci |
| ball and socket joint | - joint that has a bone with and egg-shapped head and a cup shaped cavity - wide range of motion -hip and shoulder |
| condyloid joint | - the joint between the metacarpal and the phalange |
| gliding joints | - articulating surfaces that are nearly flat or slightly curved -joints of the wrist and ankles, and those between vertebrae |
| hing joints | - convex surfaces that fit into a concave surface - found in elbow and phalange joints - movement is only in one plane |
| pivot joints | - a cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of bone and fibrous tissue - joints between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna |
| saddle joints | -both concave and convex areas -wide range of motion - joints between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb |
Created by:
kyndallosborne
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