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Midterm A&P
Study Guide 1st semester
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or False: the two ventral cavities of the body are the abdominal and pelvic cavities. | False; thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| What is the anatomic name for the "heel bone"? | Calcaneous |
| What bone forms the anterior connection between the two os coax? | Pubic |
| Where are the arms in anatomic position? | At the side of the body |
| Functions of the skeletal system can be summarized as providing framework, protection, levers for movement: | Blood cell production and calcium storage |
| The most abundant and widespread type of tissue in the body is: | Connective |
| Which of the following are NOT a type of connective tissue? Bone, Cartilage, Skin, or Blood | Skin |
| The dynamic state of balance that maintains a preferred physiologic range for body processes is called? | Homeostasis |
| The centric rings, or -------, of an osteon are arranged around central or------canal that allow nerves, blood, and lymph vessels into the tissue. | lamellae; Haversian |
| True or False: The primary organs of the respiratory system are the lungs, esophagus, and thymus. | False |
| The unique ability of connective tissue to shift between gel and sol states is called? | Thixotropic |
| What does the suffix -algia mean? | Painful |
| Knowing the bone landmarks helps a manual therapist locate specific soft tissue structures and: | identify postural and movement dysfunctions |
| what is the name for the three tiny bones inside each ear? | ossicles |
| True or False: Spinal and vertebral are both terms used to describe the back bone region. | True |
| The prefix meaning "related to or about the body?" | Soma- or Somato- |
| The pelvic region of the body describes what body area? | Hip Girdle (pelvic girdle) |
| What area of the body is described as the crural region? | Lower leg |
| What is the term for movement away from the midline? | ABduction |
| What does the term acute mean? | Sudden or rapid onset |
| What type of epithelial tissue secretes sweat and salivia? | Glandular |
| What is the best definition of the system level of organization in the body? | A group of interrelated organs functioning together to accomplish a specific set of functions. |
| True or False: The orbital region are superior to the oral region of the head. | True |
| Which of these bones is classified as axial? | Sternum |
| What word part means cold? | Cryo |
| True or False: Organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, bladder, and ureters. | True |
| Bones in the appendicular skeleton include the humerus, tibia, and: | Clavicle |
| What is the proper term for movement along the coronal plane and toward the midline? | Adduction |
| What is the anatomic term for the point of the shoulder? | Acromial |
| What is the special term used to describe the intercellular fluid component of all connective tissue? | Ground Substance |
| True or False: The pancreas and spleen are primarily located in the left hypochondriac region of the abdominal cavity. | False |
| True or False: The thymus carries out key functions for both the digestive and endocrine systems. | False |
| What is the name of the lateral bone in the leg? | Fibula |
| True or False: the brain and nerves are the primary organs of the nervous system | True |
| Why is it important for the manual therapist to sudy anatomy and Physiology? | It provide information and rationales for safe and effective application of therapeutic techniques |
| The location of the navel is best described and ---and--- to the right shoulder. | Inferior and medial |
| An epithelial tissue made up of flat cells arranged in a singular layer is called? | Simple squamous |
| Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? | Site of blood cells production and storage of calcium |
| True or False: The heart, lungs, and blood vessels are the primary organs in the cardiovascular system. | True |
| What medical term means the expected progression or outcome of a specific pathology? | Sequela |
| The organs and tissue of the skin and nervous system develop from which of the organized layers of stem cells in the embryo? | Ectoderm |
| Which of these is a carpal bone: Navicular, Cuboid, Medial cuneiform, Capitate | Capitate |
| Which bone is part of the axial skeleton? | Sacrum |
| What term means that the specific cause of a disease or condition is unknown? | Idiopathic |
| What is the other term for medial rotation? | Internal rotation |
| What level of body organization is described as a group of like cells functioning together? | Tissues |
| What is the anatomic term for the upper arm region of the body? | Brachial |
| Which type of tissue has the unique ability of generating and conducting electrical impulses? | Nervous |
| How many TRUE ribs are in the ribcage? | 7 |
| What type of connective tissue is used to repair damaged muscles? | Smooth |
| Which is the best definition of homeostasis? | A range of physiologic balance, or dynamic state of equilibrium within the body |
| In anatomic position, the feet and palms are pointing in which direction? | Forward |
| What is the anatomic term for the posterior hand? | Volar (dorsal) |
| Turning or pivoting on a single axis is called? | Rotation |
| What type of bone tissue is made up of small circular units called osteons, or the haversain system? | Dense (compact) |
| The anatomic name for the "thigh bone" is | Femur |
| the study of the components of the human body, their organization, and their positional relationship to one another is called | Anatomy |
| How Many vertebrae are in the spinal column | 33 |
| The communication, coordination, and control of all other body systems are the responsibility of what system | Nervous |
| How Many thoracic vertebrae are in the spinal column | 12 |
| What is the anatomic name for "hand bones" | Metacarpals (middle of hand) |
| What are the four basic types of tissue in the body? | Epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective |
| What is the definition of physiology? | The study of the functions of the human organism and all its component parts |
| True or False: Muscle, tendon, and ligament are all considered organs of the muscular system | False |
| What bone forms the floor of the skull? | Sphenoid |
| Mature bone cells are known as? | Osteocytes |
| What are the distinguishing characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue? | Striated and involuntary |
| True or False: the anatomic term for the thigh is femoral. | False: Thigh = femur and femoral -artery top of thigh |
| True or False: The nervous and endocrine systems work together to communicate, coordinate and control the other systems of the body. | True |
| Where is the knee located in relationship to the ankle? | Proximal |
| What prefix tells us the term is process, structure, or pathology related to the kidneys? | Nephro- |
| True or False: The diaphragm serves as the structural dividing line between the ventral cavities of the body. | True |
| What type of connective tissue cell secretes heparin and histamine? | Mast Cells |
| What is the anatomic term for the chest region of the body? | Pectoral |
| About 50% of bone tissue calcified mineral salts deposited within the matrix, which is an equal mix of? | Collagen fibers and ground substances |
| What body plane divides the body into top and bottom? | Transverse |
| What bone is the only freely moveable bone in the skull? | Mandible |
| According to the word parts, the term phlebitis means? | Inflammation of veins |
| True or False: Organs of the lymphatic system include the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver | False |
| The regulation and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide are the responsibility of what Body System | Respiratory |
| What pathology term describes a disease or defect present from time of birth? | Congenital |
| True or False: Fingers and toes can both be called digital region. | True |
| True or False: Tarsal is another term for ankle. | True |
| The prefix inter- means? | Among:between |
| What body region term describes the head? | Cephalic (Cranial) |
| What type of cell forms nervous tissue that protects and insulates and is non-conductible? | Neuroglial |
| Which type of muscle tissue is described as striated and voluntary? | Skeletal |
| Which of the three components of all connective tissue gives it a thixotropic nature? | Ground Substance |
| What is the term for the organs, cells, or tissue that are signaled to change during homeostasis? | Effectors |
| What anatomic term is used to describe the position of two structures on the same side of the sagittal plane? | Ipsilateral |
| What term is used to describe any change in the internal and external environment? | Stimulus |
| What are the two movements that occur along the sagittal plane? | Flexion and extension |
| True or False: both hands and feet are described as the pedal region of the body. | False |
| The abdominal cavity region deep to the umbilicus is called the gastric region. | False |
| What area of the body is a sacral region? | Tail Bone |
| True or False: The pancreas serves as an organ for both the endocrine and digestive syste.ms | True |
| True or False: Organs of the digestive system include the pancreas and liver | True |
| The location of the nose is best described as along the cardinal ----plane and anterior to the eyes? | Sagittal and inferior |
| What body system has many immune responses and serves as the delivery system for hormones and nutrients to other organs and systems? | Endocrine |
| Of the three types of connective tissue fiber , which is described as extensible and resistant to stretch? | Collagen |
| How does the skeletal system contribute to movement? | Provides the levers and fulcrums for movement |
| What is the anatomic term for the point of the elbow? | Olecranal |
| What plane divides the body into front and back? | Coronal (Frontal) |
| True or False: The major organs in the upper right quadrant of the body are the liver and right lungs. | False |
| Which of these prefixes is used to mean skin? | Derma- |
| What term best describes the location of the bones in relationship to the muscles? | Deep |
| True or False: The anatomic term for nose is oro-pharynx. | False |
| What area of the body is the sternal region? | Thoracic |
| True or False: the otic region of the body is the area around the ears | False: Auditory region (otic region=eye) |
| The anatomic term for the collarbone is? | Clavicle |
| The functions of the skeletal muscular system are to create movement of body parts, generate heat, and? | Apply tension to the skeleton and maintain upright posture |
| What level of organization is considered the smallest unit capable of living on its own? | Cells |
| What type of muscle tissue is found inside the blood vessels and in many organs? | Visceral |
| What physiologic change occurs in surrounding tissue when histamine is secreted? | Tissue permeability is increased |
| The major types of connective tissue include fat, blood, fibrous: | Bone and Cartilage |
| True or False: Some manual therapy techniques can affect fertility and the reproductive cycle through their effects on the endocrine system | True |
| What body system plays a major role in the immunity and is responsible for returning proteins and fluid back into the bloodstream. | Lymphatic |
| Functions of the urinary system help to regulate body fluid, pH and electrolyte balances by: | Filtering blood of metabolic wastes and eliminating them |
| True or False: Most of the organs in the endocrine system are also digestive system organs. | False |
| What is the anatomic term for lateral lower leg? | Peroneal (artery; fibular) |
| What bone make up the pectoral girdle? | Clavicle and scapula |
| What is the term used to describe the natural cycle of self-destruction and reformation that bones go through on a regular basis? | Remodeling |
| What movement combines all five of the basic motions to take a body part though all planes/axes of motion/ | Circumduction |
| What is another anatomic name for dense or compact bone tissue? | Cortical |
| What type of tissue has the unique ability to generate force for movement vis contraction? | Muscle |
| What is the name of the bones that form the top of the skull? | Frontal |
| True or False: the posterior area of the head is called the temporal region | False |
| The right shoulder is located--- and --- to the left hip? | Contralateral and superior |
| How would you describe the location of the ear in relationship to the mouth? | Superior and lateral |
| If a negative effect is likely, the treatment is said to be? | Contraindicated |
| Which of the four types of tissue is "avascular"? | Epithelial |
| The suffixes -asis, -asia, and-0sis mean? | State of or condition |
| Which of the four types of tissue capable of complete and rapid regeneration? | Epithelial |
| Why is it important for the manual therapist to know the structures and functions of the skeletal system? | We would not be able to recognize structural imbalances without understanding their normal relationship. |
| True or False: the stomach is located in the upper left quadrant | True |
| What is the anatomic term for the small region around the belly button? | Umbilical |
| What prefix says the term is about a a joint or joints | Arth-, artho- |
| What are the names of the two dorsal cavities of the body? | Cranial and Spinal (Pelvic and Thoracic are the ventral cavities) |
| What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body? | Patella |
| Maturation of the secondary sexual characteristics and propagation of species are the responsibility of which body system? | Reproductive |
| The three most common kinds of cells present in almost all types od connective tissue are fibroblasts, mast cells and | Macrophages |
| What type of feedback is it when the response continues or sustains the original stimulus? | Positive |
| Which cardinal plane divides the body into right and left sides? | Sagittal |
| Which physiological feedback mechanism for maintain homeostasis is most common? | Negative |
| When ligaments are stretched or torn, the injury is classified as? | Sprain |
| What word part means "equal or Like" | Iso- |
| Where is the wrist located in relationship to the elbow? | Distal |
| What type of cells make up the impulse-conducting tissue in the nervous system? | Neuron |
| What does the word "reto-patellar" mean? | Behind the kneecap |
| What system is responsible for elimination of solid wastes and breaking down food into usable nutrients? | Digestive |
Created by:
JML19
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